C++ Basics Review Class XI

Overview of C++ Concepts

• Understanding basic C++ concepts is crucial for advancing in subsequent programming topics.
• The chapter serves as a refresher on C++ language skills learned in Class XI.
• Core topics include selection statements, looping statements, nested loops, and control statements like break and continue.

Basics of C++

• C++ utilizes a character set as the fundamental unit of its language.
• Character set includes letters (a-z, A-Z), digits (0-9), special characters (#, ;, :, etc.), and whitespace characters.

Tokens in C++

• Tokens are the building blocks of C++ programs, made up of one or more characters.
• Types of tokens:
  • Keywords: Reserved words with special meaning.
  • Identifiers: User-defined names for variables, functions, etc., governed by specific rules.
  • Literals: Constants that remain unchanged during execution, classified into:
    • Integer constants: Digits with optional sign.
    • Floating-point constants: Numbers expressed in fractional or exponential forms.
    • Character constants: Single characters in single quotes.
    • String constants: Character sequences in double quotes.

Operators in C++

• Operators signify operations in code and are categorized based on the number of operands:
  • Unary: Operate on one operand.
  • Binary: Operate on two operands.
  • Ternary: Operate on three operands.
• Types of operations include:
  • Arithmetic: (+, -, *, /, %)
  • Relational: (=, ==, !=)
  • Logical: (&&, ||, !)

Input/Output Operations

• Input operation in C++ employs the extraction operator (>>) with two operands:
  • The first operand is cin, which identifies the keyboard as the input source.
  • The second operand is a variable to store the input.
• Multiple variables can be processed in one input statement, e.g., cin >> a >> b >> c;.

Program Structure and Essentials

• Familiarity with fundamental program structure is necessary, including:
  • Header file specifications.
  • Data type sizes.
• The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and Geany IDE are used for C++ program development.

This quiz covers the essential concepts of C++ taught in Class XI. It includes key topics such as selection statements and looping statements, providing a refresher to help solidify your understanding. Engage with practical programs to enhance your skills in C++.