Bacteria (Monera)
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Questions and Answers

What kingdom to bacteria belong to?

Monera

What do prokaryotes lack?

a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Where is bacterial DNA located?

Loose in cytoplasm

What do bacteria lack that eukaryotic cells have?

<p>Mitochondria (B), Chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes bacteria survive in dry environments?

<p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aerobic respiration require?

<p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anaerobic bacteria require oxygen for respiration

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction involves one parent

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is no fusion or gametes involved in asexual reproduction

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Example of a chemosynthetic bacteria

<p>Nitrogen-fixing bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do biological reactions take place?

<p>Bioreactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bioreactor is a vessel

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biotechnology involves the use of...

<p>living organisms &amp; their enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continuous flow processing = nutrients are added to bioreactor in beginning

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of an endospore:

<p>Dormant (A), Resistant capsule (B), Desiccated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endospores can remain dormant for decades

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do endospores form?

<p>in unfavourable conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endospore formation is a form of reproduction

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An endospore remains dormant until.....

<p>Suitable conditions occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria are prokaryotic

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the bacteria cell contains the gene for antibiotic resistance?

<p>Plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some bacteria need oxygen, and others don't. We classify these with three terms, name them:

<p>Obligate aerobes Obligate anaerobes Facultative anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria can be one of three shapes, identify these shapes:

<p>Spherical (A), Rod (D), Spiral (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define nutrition

<p>The way in which an organism obtains or uses its food</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a photosynthetic bacteria

<p>Purple Sulphur Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of heterotrophic bacteria?

<p>Parasitic &amp; Saprophytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the extra loop of DNA in a bacterium called?

<p>Plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the asexual reproduction of bacteria called?

<p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

A heterotroph is on organism that..

<p>Gets its food from another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saprophytes & parasites are types of..

<p>Heterotrophs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vessel in which biological reactions take place

<p>Bioreactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria that uses energy from chemicals to make their food

<p>Chemosynthetic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do parasitic bacteria live on/in?

<p>a living host</p> Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthetic bacteria use ____ energy

<p>Photosynthetic bacteria use light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

They feed on/decompose dead or decaying organic matter

<p>Saprophyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parasites can cause harm

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two types of heterotrophs

<p>Photosynthetic &amp; Chemosynthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two types of autotrophs

<p>Parasitic &amp; Saprophytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes?

<p>Protein Synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagellum?

<p>movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall?

<p>Shape &amp; Protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mesosoma?

<p>Respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a DNA loop?

<p>Replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a capsule?

<p>protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria reproduce asexually by

<p>Binary Fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria are

<p>Prokaryotes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage in a typical bacterial growth curve?

<p>Decline phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of bioprocessing are nutrients continuously fed into the bioreactor, while the culture medium is continuously withdrawn at the same time?

<p>Continuous flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What kingdom do bacteria belong to?

Bacteria belong to Monera

How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles

Where is bacterial DNA located?

Bacterial DNA is found loose in the cytoplasm

What do bacteria lack that eukaryotic cells have?

Bacteria lack mitochondria and chloroplasts

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What makes bacteria survive in dry environments?

A capsule or slime layer prevents drying out

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Aerobic bacteria

Aerobic bacteria requires oxygen for respiration

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Anaerobic bacteria

Anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen for respiration

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Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves one parent so there is no fusion or gametes

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Autotroph

An autotroph is an organism that makes its own food from inorganic substances

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Chemosynthetic bacteria

Use energy from chemicals to make their food, eg. nitro-fixing bacteria

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Bioreactor

A vessel in which biological reactions take place

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Bioprocessing

Bioprocessing is a type of engineering that puts biotechnology to work on a large scale. Enzyme controlled reactions are used.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms or their enzymes to make useful products for humans

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Batch processing

A fixed amount of nutrients and bacteria are placed in a bioreactor at the beginning

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Continuous flow processing

Nutrients are constantly added to the bioreactor throughout processing and products are constantly removed

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Endospore

An endospore is a tough-walled, resistant, dormant capsule - formed during binary fission in order for a bacterium to survive harsh conditions such as temperature, lack of food & even some disinfectants

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Facultative anaerobes

Can use oxygen if present, but can respire anaerobically

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Bacteria are one of three shapes

  • Spherical (Coccus/Cocci)
  • Rod
  • Spiral
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Nutrition

The way an organism obtains or uses its food

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Photosynthetic bacteria

Use light energy to make their own food, eg. Purple Sulphur Bacteria (found in hot springs)

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Saprophytic

To obtain nutrients from/decompose dead & decaying organic material

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Parasitic

To live in/on a live host & cause harm

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Binary fission

The reproduction of bacteria asexually. Two genetically identical cells are produced.

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Plasmid

An extra loop of DNA within a bacterium which can code for antibiotic resistance

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Antibiotic

A chemical substance produced by one microorganism to inhibit the growth of another microorganism.

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