Questions and Answers
What is the drug class of Buspirone?
What is the common route of administration for Buspirone?
oral
What is the initial dosing recommendation for treating anxiety with Buspirone?
7.5 mg orally twice daily
What is the maximum daily dose of Buspirone?
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What should be done for patients with severe renal impairment taking Buspirone?
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Which of the following is a precaution when using Buspirone?
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What are some common adverse effects of Buspirone?
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Buspirone has a known mechanism of action.
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Patients taking Buspirone should avoid __________ and large amounts of grapefruit juice.
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What should patients be told regarding activities requiring mental alertness while taking Buspirone?
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Study Notes
Drug Class
- Buspirone is classified as an antianxiety medication.
Route of Administration
- Administered orally.
Dosing Information
-
Anxiety:
- Initial dose: 7.5 mg taken orally twice daily.
- Titration: Increase by 5 mg/day every 2 to 3 days as needed.
- Typical dose range: 20 to 30 mg daily, in 2 to 3 divided doses.
- Maximum allowed dose: 60 mg/day.
-
Depression:
- Starting dose: 5 mg orally three times daily, increasing by 5 to 10 mg every 2 to 3 days up to 90 mg/day (40 mg/day frequently associated with response).
- Geriatric dosing: Start with 10 mg orally twice a day; adjust as tolerated to a maximum of 60 mg/day.
Renal Failure Dosage Adjustments
- Severe renal impairment: Not recommended to use.
- Anuric patients: Reduce dose by 25% to 50%.
- Mild to moderate impairment: No dose adjustment necessary.
Primary Uses
- Indicated for the treatment of anxiety.
Administration Guidelines
- Consistent oral intake with or without food is necessary.
- Store Ambien at room temperature (25°C or 77°F) with acceptable range between 15 and 30°C (59 and 86°F).
Precautions
- Avoid use with alcohol, MAO inhibitors, or excessive grapefruit juice.
- Not recommended for those with severe hepatic impairment.
- Gradual withdrawal of CNS-depressant drugs is advisable before starting buspirone.
- Severe renal impairment is a contraindication for use.
Common Adverse Effects
- May cause dizziness, nausea, headache, nervousness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, blurred vision, restlessness, dry mouth, upset stomach, stuffy nose, sore throat, tinnitus, excitement, and insomnia.
Drug Interactions
- Contraindicated with MAO inhibitors if taken within the last 14 days; can lead to dangerous interactions.
Monitoring Efficacy
- Improvement in anxiety symptoms suggests drug efficacy.
- Continuous evaluation is recommended with extended use beyond 3 to 4 weeks.
Mechanism of Action
- Buspirone’s exact mechanism is unknown; however, it has high affinity for serotonin (5-HT1A) receptors and moderate affinity for D2-dopamine receptors without affecting benzodiazepine receptors or GABA binding.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Peak concentration is reached in 40 to 90 minutes; bioavailability around 90%.
- Effects of Food: Food can increase AUC and Cmax significantly.
- Distribution: Approximately 86% protein bound.
- Metabolism: Hepatically metabolized (CYP3A4) with extensive first-pass effects; produces an active metabolite known as 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP).
- Excretion: 18% to 38% excreted in feces; 29% to 63% excreted renally mainly as metabolites.
- Elimination Half-Life: Ranges from 2 to 3 hours; prolonged in cases of hepatic or renal dysfunction.
Medication Counseling
- Advise patients to avoid activities requiring alertness until drug effects are known.
- Educate about side effects such as dizziness, confusion, and blurred vision.
- Consistent dosing with or without food is essential, along with avoiding alcohol and excessive grapefruit juice.
- Emphasize the importance of consulting healthcare professionals before taking new medications, including over-the-counter and herbal options.
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Description
Test your knowledge about Buspirone, an antianxiety medication. These flashcards cover essential information including drug class, administration routes, and dosing recommendations. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike!
