Business Strategy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the net present value approach primarily focus on when evaluating a project?

  • Ignoring future uncertainties to maximize profits
  • Involving stakeholders in every decision-making process
  • Building political coalitions to support the project
  • Adjusting predicted payouts for risk and subtracting the initial investment (correct)
  • In the context of strategic choice, what two factors are used to categorize stakeholders?

  • Management decisions and marketing strategies
  • Interest in activities and relative power to influence (correct)
  • Cultural fit and corporate values
  • Financial contributions and public opinion
  • When management encounters a cultural mismatch, which of the following is NOT a recommended option?

  • Change the strategy to fit the culture
  • Completely ignore the cultural aspects (correct)
  • Manage around the culture and adjust the implementation plan
  • Attempt to alter the culture to align with the strategy
  • How can organizations effectively deal with pressures from their corporate culture?

    <p>Adjust their strategic implementation plans to fit the culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy should be employed when the future is highly uncertain according to the real-options approach?

    <p>Maintain a broad range of options (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a push strategy primarily involve?

    <p>Trade promotions to gain retail shelf space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In research and development strategy, what does the term 'technological follower' refer to?

    <p>Imitating competitor products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intent of the skim pricing strategy?

    <p>To charge high prices to maximize initial profits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a brand extension?

    <p>Using a successful brand name to market additional products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy focuses on utilizing alliances to innovate products?

    <p>Open innovation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the operations strategy determine?

    <p>How and where to manufacture products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of sole sourcing?

    <p>Relying on a single supplier for a part (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the follow-the-sun management style?

    <p>To synchronize project work around the world across time zones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sourcing method involves purchasing from several vendors?

    <p>Multiple sourcing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does parallel sourcing involve?

    <p>Two suppliers as sole sources for different parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the purchasing strategy concern itself with?

    <p>Acquiring raw materials and supplies for operations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firm consider outsourcing?

    <p>Activities with low potential for competitive advantage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of innovation does the research and development strategy encompass?

    <p>Both product and process improvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dilemma in HRM strategy regarding employee hiring?

    <p>Deciding between hiring skilled or unskilled workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes offshoring?

    <p>Performing a function in a different country (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor in deciding to outsource a function?

    <p>The potential for competitive advantage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Logistics strategy primarily deals with what aspect of a company?

    <p>Flow of products into and out of manufacturing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a form of sourcing mentioned?

    <p>Consolidated sourcing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main purposes of an effective policy?

    <p>It sets clear boundaries while allowing flexibility in execution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'timing tactic' refer to in strategy implementation?

    <p>The decision on when to carry out strategic activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes a 'first mover' in a strategic context?

    <p>The initial company to launch a new product or service. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue may arise from an inefficient information system during strategy implementation?

    <p>It may lead to misalignment with strategic goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an effective policy test the strategic soundness of an action?

    <p>By ensuring it aligns with the company's key goals and strategies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do programs play in the implementation of a strategic plan?

    <p>They consist of tactics that translate strategies into action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is internal consistency important in strategy implementation?

    <p>It helps align various strategic decisions within the firm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge arises from inadequately defined implementation tasks?

    <p>It hinders the ability to evaluate strategic success. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of market location tactics?

    <p>To determine where a company implements its strategy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tactic is primarily concerned with responding to attacks from competitors?

    <p>Defensive tactic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of synergy, what indicates a successful divisional corporation?

    <p>A return on investment greater than independent operations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'structure follows strategy' imply?

    <p>Changes in strategy require structural adjustments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the defensive tactics a corporation can implement?

    <p>Raise structural barriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the final check on strategy feasibility in a corporation?

    <p>Planning a budget (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a natural behavior of first movers in the market?

    <p>Ignoring certain market segments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an offensive market tactic?

    <p>Entering into an established competitor's market location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a matrix structure?

    <p>Functional and product forms are combined simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an internal block to changing stages in an organization?

    <p>Economic conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is NOT part of the development of a matrix structure?

    <p>Stagnant structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the organizational life cycle describe?

    <p>How organizations grow, develop, and decline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary focuses of Lean Six Sigma?

    <p>Removing unnecessary steps and fixing remaining processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is necessary for effective matrix structures?

    <p>Improve processing abilities and decision making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of Six Sigma?

    <p>To achieve near-perfect results in production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a network structure?

    <p>Eliminates in-house business functions in favor of virtual collaborations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a divisional structure emphasize?

    <p>Management of product lines in multiple industries with decentralized decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of a functional structure?

    <p>Team of managers replacing the entrepreneur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Product Development Strategy

    Developing new products for existing or new markets.

    Brand Extension

    Using an existing successful brand to market new products.

    Push Strategy

    Using trade promotions to increase product visibility in retail stores.

    Pull Strategy

    Using advertising to encourage customers to buy products.

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    Skim Pricing

    Setting a high initial price to capitalize on the most eager customers.

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    Open Innovation

    Using collaborations (with companies, universities, etc.) to develop new products and processes.

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    Operations Strategy

    Deciding how and where to make a product, level of production, and resource allocation.

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    Purchasing Strategy

    Acquiring the necessary raw materials, parts, and supplies for production.

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    Reverse Stock Split

    Investors' shares are reduced in half with the same total investment amount.

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    Follow-the-Sun Management

    Distributing tasks globally to take advantage of different time zones.

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    Real options approach

    A strategic approach to decision-making that accounts for uncertainty in the future by keeping open a variety of options.

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    Net present value

    A method calculating a project's value by anticipating future returns, adjusting for risk, and subtracting the investment cost.

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    Stakeholder interest

    Stakeholders' degree of involvement in the company's actions.

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    Stakeholder power

    Stakeholders' influence on the company’s activities.

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    Strategic choice

    The process of deciding on the best course of action for a company.

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    Multiple Sourcing

    Ordering a part from several different vendors.

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    Sole Sourcing

    Relying on only one supplier for a specific part.

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    Parallel Sourcing

    Using two suppliers for different parts, but each acting as a backup for the other's parts.

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    Outsourcing

    Purchasing a product or service from an external provider; transferring an activity or function to someone else.

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    Offshoring

    Outsourcing to a company or provider in another country.

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    Logistics Strategy

    Planning the flow of goods into and out of the manufacturing process.

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    Outsourcing Criteria

    Focus on activities with low potential for competitive advantage, or small components of the overall value.

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    Sourcing Decision

    Deciding whether to produce a part in-house or purchase it externally.

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    Offensive Tactic

    A strategic move aimed at taking market share from an established competitor.

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    Defensive Tactic

    A strategy designed to protect a company's existing market share and position.

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    Synergy

    When a divisional corporation achieves better returns by working together than if each division operated independently.

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    Structure Follows Strategy

    The principle that changes in a company's strategic direction necessitate changes in its organizational structure.

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    Raise Structural Barriers

    Defensive tactic involving building obstacles to make market entry difficult for rivals.

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    Increase Expected Retaliation

    A defensive tactic that dissuades competitors by signaling severe consequences for an attack.

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    Lower the Inducement for Attack

    A defensive tactic involving making a company less attractive to potential rivals.

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    Planning a Budget

    The final stage of strategic planning, involving allocating resources based on the selected strategy and evaluating its feasibility.

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    Simple Structure

    A flexible and dynamic organizational structure typically found in early-stage companies, with a single entrepreneur leading the way.

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    Functional Structure

    An organizational setup where departments focus on specialized functions like finance, marketing, and production. A team of managers replaces the entrepreneur.

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    Divisional Structure

    An organizational structure that manages diverse product lines or industries. Decision-making is decentralized, giving each division more autonomy.

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    Matrix Structure

    An organizational structure combining functional and product/project forms at the same level. It combines the strengths of both, allowing for flexibility and cross-functional collaboration.

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    Network Structure

    A decentralized organizational structure where external resources and partnerships are used to complete tasks. It's a virtual organization with a flexible network of collaborators.

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    Six Sigma

    A rigorous analytical method focused on reducing product variance to achieve near-perfect results on a production line. It significantly boosts quality and efficiency.

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    Lean Six Sigma

    A combined approach that integrates Six Sigma's methodology with Lean principles. It eliminates unnecessary steps in processes and focuses on optimizing remaining steps.

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    Stages of Corporate Development

    This concept describes the evolutionary stages a company goes through, from a simple structure to more complex organizational forms.

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    Internal Blocks to Changing Stages

    These are internal obstacles a company faces when trying to transition to a new organizational stage. These include a lack of resources, inability to change, and top management's resistance to delegation.

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    External Blocks to Changing Stages

    These are external factors that can impede a company's evolution. Examples include economic downturns, labor shortages, and lack of market growth.

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    Internal Consistency

    A strategic decision that aligns with a company's overall goals, policies, and strategies, ensuring that it doesn't conflict with existing plans.

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    Policy

    A guideline that clarifies resource allocation, tests strategic soundness, and sets boundaries for employees while encouraging innovation within those constraints.

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    Program

    A collection of tactics used to implement a strategy. The purpose of a program is to make a strategy action-oriented and actionable.

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    Timing Tactic

    A strategic approach that focuses on when a company implements its strategies, often determining the success or failure of a strategy.

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    First Mover

    The first company to introduce a new product or service to the market, often gaining a competitive advantage.

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    Late Mover

    A company that enters a market after the initial pioneers. They can leverage the first mover's experience and refine the product or service.

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    Strategy Implementation

    The process of putting a strategic plan into action, encompassing all the activities and choices necessary to achieve strategic objectives.

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    Internal Consistency

    A strategic decision that aligns with a company's overall goals, policies, and strategies. It ensures consistency within the company's strategic direction.

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    Study Notes

    Functional Strategy

    • Functional strategy is the approach a functional area takes to achieve corporate and business unit objectives.
    • It focuses on maximizing resource productivity.

    Marketing Strategy

    • Marketing strategy deals with pricing, selling, and distributing a product.
    • Market development strategy involves either capturing a larger share of an existing market or developing new uses and markets for existing products.
    • Product development strategy involves developing new products for existing or new markets.
    • Brand extension uses a successful brand name for other products.
    • Push strategy involves trade promotions to gain shelf space.
    • Pull strategy uses advertising to draw customers to products.
    • Skim pricing involves high initial prices for new products.
    • Penetration pricing involves low initial prices to quickly capture market share.

    Financial Strategy

    • Financial strategy examines the financial implications of strategic options and identifies the best financial courses of action.
    • Management of dividends and stock price is an important part of a corporation's financial strategy.
    • Leveraged buyout involves acquiring a company with significant debt financing.
    • Reverse stock split involves reducing the number of shares outstanding.

    Research and Development Strategy

    • Research and development strategy deals with product and process innovation.
    • It considers the appropriate mix of different types of R&D.
    • Technological leader pioneers innovation.
    • Technological follower imitates existing innovations.

    Operations Strategy

    • This determines how and where a product is made, the level of vertical integration in the process, the deployment of physical resources, and relationships with suppliers.

    Purchasing Strategy

    • Deals with obtaining raw materials, parts, and supplies needed for operations.
    • Multiple sourcing involves ordering from several vendors.
    • Sole sourcing relies on a single vendor.
    • Parallel sourcing uses two suppliers for different parts.

    HRM Strategy

    • Addresses whether a company hires low-skilled, low-pay employees or skilled employees with higher pay.

    Information Strategy

    • Follow-the-sun management involves teams working across different countries where the time zones overlap.

    Outsourcing

    • Outsourcing is the act of purchasing products or services from external providers to avoid internal production.
    • Offshoring is the act of outsourcing production to a different country.

    Logistics Strategy

    • Deals with the flow of products in and out of the manufacturing process.
    • Trends include changes in the manufacturing supply chain.

    Disadvantages of Outsourcing

    • Customer complaints
    • Inability to learn new skills
    • Lack of cost savings
    • Poor product quality

    Errors to Avoid in Outsourcing

    • Selecting incorrect activities or vendors.
    • Writing poor contracts.
    • Overlooking personnel issues,
    • Ignoring hidden costs
    • Neglecting an exit strategy

    Strategic Choice

    • The corporation should select a strategy that minimizes external pressure and maximizes stakeholder support.
    • Understanding that stakeholders may not always be in agreement.

    Stakeholders' Concerns

    • How stakeholders will be affected by a decision.
    • How much will each stakeholder likely get from a particular choice.

    Managing Corporate Culture for Strategy Implementation

    • The corporate culture needs to be considered as stakeholders' needs are taken into account and change implementation strategies as needed.

    Strategy Implementation

    • Strategy implementation is the sum total of all activities and choices required for the execution of a strategic plan.
    • Who is responsible and needed to execute the plan.

    Types of organizational structures

    • Simple Structure: A flexible structure typical of small start-up companies.
    • Functional Structure: Organised around departments (e.g., marketing, operations).
    • Divisional Structure: Multiple product lines in various industries.
    • Matrix Structure: Functional and product lines are implemented simultaneously.
    • Network Structure: A flexible modular structure with interconnected groups.
    • Cellular/Modular Structure: Composed of self-managing teams.

    Market Location Tactics

    • Offensive tactics are employed in competitors' markets, positioning the company for strategic advantage.
    • Defensive tactics involve defending a company's current market position.

    Competitive Advantage

    • Competitive advantage arises from activities with low potential in the value chain that contribute little to the organization's product or service value.
    • Activities contributing the most to the organization's products or services should be kept in-house.

    Stages of Corporate Development

    • Stages of corporate development outline a company's changes and adaptations as they grow (e.g., from simple to highly sophisticated structures).

    Stages of International Development

    • Stages of international development define how companies establish themselves in global markets.

    Centralization vs. Decentralization

    • Centralization focuses decision-making in the headquarters.
    • Decentralization delegates this decision-making to various units and locations.

    Geographic Area Structure

    • The company customizes products for varying regional preferences.

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    Description

    This quiz covers various aspects of business strategy, including functional, marketing, and financial strategies. You'll learn about approaches to maximize resources, market and product development tactics, and pricing strategies. Test your knowledge on how these strategies contribute to achieving corporate objectives.

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