Business Mathematics Data Presentation

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Questions and Answers

What type of graph is most suitable for showing changes in data over a short time span?

  • Line graph
  • Bar graph (correct)
  • Pie chart
  • Column graph

Which type of diagram is best used to represent the breakdown of a whole into its components?

  • Line graph
  • Bar graph
  • Pie chart (correct)
  • Frequency distribution table

What is the primary purpose of using a frequency distribution table?

  • To illustrate data changes over time
  • To compare long-term data trends
  • To show data arranged into classes and their frequencies (correct)
  • To depict the relationship between two or more data series

What characteristic distinguishes line graphs from bar graphs?

<p>Line graphs facilitate comparisons without a natural order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of class limits, what does the term 'lower class limits' refer to?

<p>The smallest numbers that can belong to different classes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the stem-and-leaf plot primarily involve?

<p>Separating a number into two parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly summarizes the performance of the students in the Statistics test?

<p>Most students performed well, with 70% passing the test. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of tabular presentation over textual presentation?

<p>It condenses and classifies data clearly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the data presentation, what is a significant characteristic of the highest data value mentioned?

<p>It demonstrates the potential for maximum achievement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the 'stem' in a two-digit number when presented in a stem-and-leaf plot?

<p>It consists of the first digit of the number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to arrange data from lowest to highest when interpreting statistics?

<p>To better understand distribution and identify trends. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tabulation specifically aim to do with data?

<p>Condense and classify data in an organized table. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT typically included in a textual data presentation?

<p>Detailed statistical calculations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a frequency distribution table primarily used for?

<p>To arrange data into different classes and count frequencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the class width in a frequency distribution table?

<p>The difference between two consecutive lower class limits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of class boundaries in a frequency distribution table?

<p>To separate classes without gaps created by class limits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a line graph?

<p>To communicate a data trend over a series. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you use a cumulative frequency table?

<p>When you want to identify the total frequency at each class level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a pie chart, what does each slice represent?

<p>A portion of the whole data. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is relative frequency calculated?

<p>By dividing the class frequency by the sum of all frequencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential when selecting data for a graph in MS Excel?

<p>Including both row and column headings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a column graph?

<p>It highlights changes in data over short time spans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the class mark represent in a frequency distribution table?

<p>The average of the class limits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When creating a chart, what is the initial step to represent the data?

<p>Click on the chart type from the Charts section of the ribbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is a bar graph more appropriate than a column graph?

<p>When individual values need to be compared without a time element. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is net income calculated according to the information provided?

<p>Sales minus cost of sales, commissions, and salaries/wages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is not typically included in a frequency distribution table?

<p>Graphical representation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key feature distinguishes pie charts from line graphs?

<p>Pie charts represent parts of a whole, whereas line graphs show trends. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the heights of rectangles in a column graph signify?

<p>The amount of data represented. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature that differentiates a bar graph from a column graph?

<p>The axis on which the rectangles are arranged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adding all expenses together before calculating percentages in a pie chart achieve?

<p>It provides a basis for determining each expense's share of the whole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data presentation is most effective for time series data?

<p>Column graph. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When constructing a line graph for Company C's sales and net income from 2011-2015, which data should be used?

<p>Sales and net income data for each year from 2011 to 2015. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a chart in MS Excel?

<p>Select the cells containing the values to be shown in the chart. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a column graph be utilized over other types of graphs?

<p>When analyzing relationships between multiple data sets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of data can be effectively displayed using a bar graph?

<p>Categorical data without a natural order. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT typically highlighted when using graphical presentation of data?

<p>Detailed statistical analysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you determine the class width in a frequency distribution?

<p>By dividing the range by the number of classes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a cumulative histogram, also known as an ogive, help to determine?

<p>How many data values lie above or below a specific value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a Pareto diagram?

<p>To set priorities by showing the relative importance of problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When plotting points for an ogive, where should the dots be placed?

<p>Above the lower limit of their class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Pareto principle, what percentage of variation is typically explained by 20 percent of the causes?

<p>80 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a Pareto diagram?

<p>Tally how often each item occurred (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a frequency distribution, which interval has the highest frequency in the provided data?

<p>1.00 - 1.49 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the cumulative frequency calculation, what is the first step?

<p>Compute the frequencies for each class (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stem-and-Leaf Plot

A way to display data by separating each data point into a stem (tens digit) and a leaf (ones digit).

Column Graph

A graph using vertical rectangles (columns) to represent data, where the height of each column shows the value.

Column Graph Axis

The horizontal (x) and vertical (y) lines that form the framework of a column graph, using to measure and represent data.

Time-Series Data

Data collected over a period of time, typically showing trends or changes over time.

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Bar Graph

A graph using horizontal rectangles (bars) to represent data, where the length of each bar shows its value.

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Bar Graph-y Axis

Used for comparison or competition categories, unlike the natural order in time-series.

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Graphic Presentation

A way of presenting data using graphs, charts, and visuals to easily understand and compare data.

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Frequency Distribution

Data organized to show how often different values or ranges of values occur.

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Data Presentation Methods

Ways to display information, like using tables or written summaries, to easily understand data.

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Textual Data Presentation

Presenting data using written descriptions, focusing on key features and overall trends.

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Tabular Presentation

Displaying data using tables or charts to condense and classify information.

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Stem

The first digit(s) of a number in a stem-and-leaf plot.

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Leaf

The last digits of a number in a stem-and-leaf plot.

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Data Condensing

Reducing large amounts of data into a smaller, more manageable form.

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Data Classification

Sorting data into categories or groups based on shared characteristics or patterns.

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Line graphs

Best for showing data series and comparisons, without a specific order (like time).

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Pie chart

Shows the breakdown or composition of a whole.

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Frequency distribution table

Organizes data into classes and counts how many items fall into each class.

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Data Series

A group of related data points used in a graph.

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Data Trend

The general direction of change in data over time.

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MS Excel

A spreadsheet program for creating charts from data.

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Selecting Data (Excel)

Choose cells containing data for your graph in MS Excel.

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Net Income

Profit after subtracting costs (e.g., sales, commissions, wages) from sales.

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Data Composition

The proportion of various parts that make up a whole.

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Class Limits

The smallest and largest numbers that belong to a specific class in a frequency distribution table.

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Class Boundaries

Numbers separating classes in tables, but without leaving any gaps.

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Class Mark

The average of the class limits for a specific class.

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Class Width

The difference between two consecutive lower class limits or class boundaries.

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Relative Frequency

The percentage of the total frequency given for a particular class.

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Cumulative Frequency

The running total of frequencies from the lowest to highest class.

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Chart Creation

Making a chart/graph from data.

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Ogive

A graph that displays cumulative frequencies.

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Pareto Diagram

A bar chart that ranks problem causes from most frequent to least frequent.

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Class Intervals

Groups of data values, each with a specific range.

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Tally

A way to keep track of how many times an item appears in a data set.

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Cumulative Percent

Shows the cumulative percentage of items. It adds the previous percentages to determine the current percentage.

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Study Notes

Course Outcome Bulletin

  • Course: Business Mathematics (MATH02)
  • School Year: 2022-2023
  • Quarter: 02
  • Objective: Using appropriate data presentation tools.
  • Subject Matter: Includes lessons on presentation of data (textual, tabular, and graphical), application in MS Excel, frequency distribution tables, histograms, ogives, and Pareto diagrams.

Learning Competencies

  • Presenting data in three different ways
  • Presenting data using MS Excel
  • Constructing frequency distribution tables, histograms, ogives, and Pareto diagrams.

Evaluation

  • Performance Task: Blackboard Exam (Week 12)
  • Written Work: Blackboard Exam (Week 12)

Lesson 10: Presentation of Data

  • Ungrouped Data: Data that is not organized, or arranged from highest to lowest or vice versa.
  • Grouped Data: Data organized into classes or categories.
  • Tabulation: Concise process of classifying data and arranging it in a table.
  • Tabular Presentation: More concise than a textual presentation.
  • Stem-and-Leaf Plot: A table that sorts data in a pattern. Stem is the first digit number, leaf is the last digit number.
  • Column Graph: Data presented in rectangles along a baseline (y-axis), heights represent the amounts.
  • Bar Graph: Similar to a column graph, but bars are horizontal.
  • Line Graph: Connects data points with lines.
  • Textual Form: Presenting data in paragraph form.
  • Tabular Form: Presenting data in rows and columns.
  • Graphical Form: Presenting data visually.

Lesson 10.1: Textual Presentation

  • Example: Presenting student performance in a statistics test, including characteristics of data (highest, lowest, average).

Lesson 10.2: Tabular Presentation

  • Parts of a table: Table number, table title, column headers, row classifier, body, source notes.
  • Stem-and-leaf plot: Separates numbers (two digits, three digits etc.) into stem (first digit) and leaf (last digit).

Lesson 10.3: Graphical Presentation

  • Types of graphs: Column graphs, bar graphs, line graphs (time series and frequency distributions).
  • Examples: Presenting Company sales data, Company B sales vs. net income, and Company A, B, and C net income.
  • Analyzing graphical presentation using the data given in an example.

Lesson 10.4: Application in MS Excel

  • Steps for Creating Charts:
    • Selecting data, ensuring appropriate data ranges
    • Using the Insert Tab.
    • Creating the actual chart type(s)

Lesson 10.5: Frequency Distribution Table

  • Ungrouped Frequency Distribution: Presents data without grouping into classes.
  • Grouped Frequency Distribution: Groups data into specific intervals or classes to show the distribution and frequency.
  • Lower Class Limits: Smallest numbers that can belong to the different classes.
  • Upper Class Limits: Largest numbers that can belong to the different classes.
  • Class Boundaries: Numbers used to separate classes without gaps.
  • Class Midpoint: Average of class limits.
  • Class Width: Difference between consecutive class boundaries or limits.

Lesson 10.6: Histogram

  • Shows the frequencies of data in different intervals.
  • Similar to a vertical bar graph, but no gaps between bars.

Lesson 10.7: Ogive

  • Cumulative histogram.
  • Useful for finding how many data values are above or below a particular value.

Lesson 10.8: Pareto Diagram

  • Used for prioritizing problems or causes of problems.
  • Presents data in decreasing order relative to an effect.
  • Shows the relative importance of different factors.

10.9-10.10 Data Presentation: Excel Application and Additional Topics

  • Creating Charts in Excel (column charts, line charts, pie charts)
  • Detailed instruction on selecting data ranges for graph creation and how to make graphs.

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