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Questions and Answers
What is the primary distinction between morality and ethics?
What is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of reality and existence?
What is the origin of the word 'philosophy'?
What is the primary concern of epistemology?
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What is the definition of ethics in the context of personal or professional conduct?
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What is the primary concern of axiology in the context of philosophy?
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What is the fundamental distinction between deductive and inductive logic?
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Which of the followingphilosophies is characterized by the notion that God exists and can be known through faith and reason?
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Who is NOT considered a leading proponent of idealism?
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What is the primary focus of existentialism in philosophy?
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Study Notes
Defining Ethics and Philosophy
- Ethics can be defined as the principles of conduct governing an individual or group, such as personal ethics or accounting ethics.
- Ethics can also be defined as the study of morality, which is the subject matter that ethics investigates.
Branches of Philosophy
- Metaphysics: concerned with reality and existence, answering the question "what is the nature of reality?"
- Subdivided into ontology (nature of existence) and cosmology (origin and organization of the universe)
- Epistemology: raises questions about the nature of knowledge, answering "what is the nature of knowledge?"
- Includes logic, with deductive logic (moving from general to specific) and inductive logic (from specific facts to generalization)
- Axiology: explores the nature of values, answering "what is the nature of values?"
- Subdivided into ethics (human conduct and moral values) and aesthetics (values of beauty, nature, and aesthetic experience)
Strands of Philosophy
- Idealism: the oldest philosophy of Western culture, referring to the world of mind and ideas, with reason as primary.
- Leading proponents: Socrates, Plato, Augustine, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, and Jean Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
- Realism: the universe exists regardless of mind perception.
- Leading proponents: Aristotle, Francis Bacon, Jean Locke, Comenius, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Pestalozzi.
- Neotheism (Theistic Realism): God exists and can be known through faith and reason, dating back to Thomas Aquinas.
- Contemporary Philosophies:
- Pragmatism (Experimentalism)
- Existentialism: a revolt against mathematical, scientific philosophies
- Analytic Philosophy: clarifying and defining philosophies
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of ethics and its various meanings, followed by an introduction to classical ethical philosophies. This quiz covers the principles and concepts of ethics in a business context.
