115 Questions
What is the primary focus of affirmative action?
Increasing diversity representation through recruitment and employment from a qualified pool of eligible minorities
What is the term for the emotions, such as anxiety or excitement, that a person has regarding an object?
Affective component
What is the term for a system of ethics that seeks to identify a morally correct path or action in everyday life?
Applied ethics
What is the term for aggressive, impulsive, and often violent actions that violate protective rules and conventions?
Antisocial behavior
What is the term for a collection of feelings, beliefs, and behavior tendencies directed toward specific people, groups, and ideas?
Attitudes
What is the term for a Latin phrase meaning 'appeal to the stick'?
Argumentum ad baculum
What is the term for a group or individual for whom a fiduciary is responsible?
Beneficiary
What is the process of convincing oneself that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context?
Moral disengagement
What is the concept that right and wrong are predicated on context?
Moral relativism
What is the term for virtues based on character and acquired through learning?
Moral virtues
What is the term for behavior expectations associated with the concepts of right and wrong?
Mores
What is the term for a system of ethics that investigates questions regarding how an individual should morally act?
Normative ethics
What is the term for a formal declaration of values and priorities?
Personal ethics code
What is the term for using official status to acquire benefits to oneself or one's immediate family?
Positional abuse
What is the term for a field of study dedicated to expanding the knowledge and effectiveness of people to accomplish more successful performances?
Organization development
What is the term for a provision within a contract or department policy that curtails, restrains, or prohibits certain behavior of individuals as inappropriate?
Morals or morality clause
What is the concept that emphasizes the importance of being a positive force within a social group?
Care ethics
What is the term for a responsibility rooted in obligation to task that is externally imposed?
Objective responsibility
Who is the theorist who asserted that ethical responsibilities within public agencies could best be assured by internal controls?
Carl Friedrich
What is the term for the feeling of discomfort we feel when we perceive an inconsistency among values, beliefs, and attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
What is the ethical dilemma that arises from inconsistency of needs and expectations of stakeholders with legitimate expectations of loyalty or authority?
Conflicts of loyalty
What is the theory that asserts that universal moral truth came from God's will?
Divine command theory
What is the ability to understand and manage emotional aspects of human interaction?
Emotional intelligence (EI)
What is the term for programs or policies that, at face value, treat all groups equally but have a disproportionate effect on one group over another?
Disparate impact
What is the study to understand and catalog the attitudes of individuals or groups of individuals?
Descriptive ethics
What is the theory that asserts that the ethics of an action should be judged by its outcome?
Consequentialism
What is the concept that refers to the gradual overdependence on rules to define ethical behavior?
Compliance creep
What is the primary focus of the diversity initiative 'equal opportunity'?
Creating a level playing field by legally restricting unfair hiring and promotional practices
Which of the following is a type of ethical theory that emphasizes moral or intellectual traits that cause individuals to flourish?
Eudemonism
What is the primary goal of 'ethical leadership'?
Leading individuals using ethical methods and seeking ethical outcomes
What is the term for the belief that a particular thing is good or bad?
Evaluative belief
What is the term for the right to access the records of federal agencies?
Freedom of Information Act
What is the term for a person who holds an imperative ethical or legal responsibility for the welfare of another person?
Fiduciary
What is the term for the unofficial practices and rituals that define routine and everyday behaviors?
Folkways
What is the term for a theory that describes how our responses to situations are affected by how those situations are posed or viewed?
Framing
What is the term for a formalized process to clarify contract wording and intent?
Grievance procedure
What is the term for a code of ethics developed by the Cumberland Valley Volunteer Fireman's Association?
Fire Fighter Code of Ethics
What is the concept of psychological egoism?
The belief that individuals will always act out of self-interest
What is the primary goal of servant leadership?
To put the well-being of people and communities first
What is the term for the relative value of a consequence either in time or scale?
Proximity
What is the term for the assertion that good is that which brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people?
Rule of utility
What is the term for the authority related to respect and trust?
Referent authority
What is the term for the practice of selecting minorities simply for aesthetics or out of political correctness?
Tokenism
What is the term for the values held by firefighters that are a reflection of the department's culture and traditions?
Unofficial values
What is the term for the promotion of diversity through the making of a business case for social responsibility and the economic advantages of having a diverse workforce?
Transformational approach to diversity
What is the term for the ethics of an action that can most effectively be judged by its positive consequence to a majority of stakeholders?
Utilitarianism
What is the term for the body of ethical requirements intended to promote governmental transparency?
Sunshine laws
What is the main purpose of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
To regulate health care information on billing and other processes
What is the term for the ritualistic emotional or physical abuse of new group members by existing members?
Hazing
Who is the social scientist who asserted that ethical standards of behavior among government officials could only be ensured by a clearly defined policy body?
Herman Finer
What is the term for the quality of being equitable, compliant with law, or acting with respect to individual rights?
Justice
What is the term for the Latin concept meaning 'wrong' or 'evil in itself'?
Malum in se
What is the theory that suggests, as humans, we have needs that can be categorized as physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
What is the term for the lack of moral engagement springing from a lack of awareness or cognitive disengagement?
Moral Apathy
What is the term for the scientific theory that suggests that the observation of an action tends to modify it?
The Hawthorne Effect
What is the term for a system of ethics focusing on global issues such as the geopolitical ramifications of wealth distribution, technology emergence, and environmental issues?
Macro Ethics
What is the term for the leadership methods intended to raise the ethical standards of followers?
Leadership in Ethics
What is the primary element of accountability?
Association with another individual or group
What is the purpose of the ALIR model?
To assess ethical dilemmas in public administration
What is the term for the emotions associated with an object?
Affective component
What is the term for the way attitude influences behavior?
Behavioral component
What is the term for the theory that explains the discrepancy between judging one's own behavior versus others' behavior?
Attribution theory
What is the term for a video-recording system used by law enforcement officers?
Body camera
What is the term for the group or individual for whom a fiduciary is responsible?
Beneficiary
What is the term for aggressive, impulsive, and often violent actions that violate protective rules and conventions?
Antisocial behavior
What is the term for the process of understanding and being sensitive to the feelings and thoughts of others?
Empathy
What is the term for a situation where values or moral imperatives conflict with each other?
Ethical Dilemma
What is the term for the act of leading individuals using ethical methods and seeking ethical outcomes?
Ethical Leadership
What is the term for a condition in which an action has an impact on the well-being of others?
Ethical Attachment
What is the term for the development, evaluation, and study of behavior boundaries and expectations within personal and professional interactions?
Ethics
What is the term for the right to access the records of federal agencies?
Federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
What is the term for the unofficial practices and rituals that define routine and everyday behaviors?
Folkways
What is the term for a formalized process to clarify contract wording and intent?
Grievance Procedure
What is the term for the ability to understand and manage emotional aspects of human interaction?
Emotional Intelligence
What is the term for the belief that a particular thing is good or bad?
Evaluative Belief
Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of being a positive force within a social group?
Care ethics
What is the term for the feeling of discomfort we feel when we perceive an inconsistency among values, beliefs, and attitudes?
Cognitive dissonance
What is the term for the gradual overdependence on rules to define ethical behavior?
Compliance creep
Who is the theorist who asserted that ethical responsibilities within public agencies could best be assured by internal controls?
Carl Friedrich
What is the term for programs or policies that, at face value, treat all groups equally but have a disproportionate effect on one group over another?
Disparate impact
What is the study to understand and catalog the attitudes of individuals or groups of individuals?
Descriptive ethics
What is the term for the science that suggests that the observation of an action tends to modify it?
Hawthorne effect
What is the term for a responsibility rooted in obligation to task that is externally imposed?
Conflicts of obligation
What is the primary focus of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
To mandate industry-wide standards for health care information
What is the term for a person’s belief or knowledge about an attitude or object?
Cognitive component
What is the term for the ability to understand and manage emotional aspects of human interaction?
Emotional intelligence
What is the term for the moral values created by individuals relative to their place, time, and situation?
Individual relativism
What is the term for the concept that emphasizes the importance of being a positive force within a social group?
Leadership in ethics
What is the term for the theory that asserts that the ethics of an action should be judged by its outcome?
Consequentialism
What is the term for the collection of policies enforced by government to regulate the behavior of the governed?
Laws
What is the term for the concept that suggests that the ethics of an action can most effectively be judged by its positive consequence to a majority of stakeholders?
Consequentialism
What is the term for the ritualistic emotional or physical abuse of new group members by existing members?
Hazing
What is the term for the theory that suggests that humans have needs that can be categorized as physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization?
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
What is the term for the system of ethics that focuses on global issues such as the geopolitical ramifications of wealth distribution, technology emergence, international business practices, and environmental issues?
Macro ethics
What is the term for the concept that a person's behavior is influenced by their belief that they have power over the events in their lives?
Locus of control
What is the term for an internal conflict between an individual’s actions and his or her personal values?
Moral dissonance
What is the term for a doctrine or system of moral conduct?
Morality
What is the term for the process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context?
Moral disengagement
What is the term for a provision within a contract or department policy that curtails, restrains, or prohibits certain behavior of individuals as inappropriate?
Morality clause
What is the term for the concept that right and wrong are predicated on context?
Moral relativism
What is the term for the tendency of individuals to be resistant to change?
Personal inertia
What is the term for a formal declaration of values and priorities?
Personal ethics code
What is the term for the act or process that causes a person to act?
Motivation
What is the term for the system of ethics that investigates questions regarding how an individual should morally act?
Normative ethics
What is the term for the concept that emphasizes the importance of being a positive force within a social group?
Moral engagement
What is the term for the relative immediacy of an action as related to a need?
Proximity of interest
What is the term for the assertion that placing someone’s interests above your own was contrary to rational thought?
Rational egoism
What is the term for the values held by firefighters that are a reflection of the department's culture and traditions?
Unofficial values
What is the term for the promotion of diversity through the making of a business case for social responsibility and the economic advantages of having a diverse workforce?
Transformational approach to diversity
What is the term for the ethics of an action that can most effectively be judged by its positive consequence to a majority of stakeholders?
Utilitarianism
What is the term for the authority related to respect and trust?
Referent authority
What is the term for the practice of selecting minorities simply for aesthetics or out of political correctness?
Tokenism
What is the term for the relative value of a consequence either in time or scale?
Proximity
What is the term for the body of ethical requirements intended to promote governmental transparency?
Sunshine laws
What is the term for the assertion that good is that which brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people?
Utilitarianism
Study Notes
Ethics
- Accountability: an element of responsibility associated with another individual or group.
- Affective Component: emotions, such as anxiety, sorrow, or excitement, that a person has regarding an object.
- Affirmative Action: a diversity effort to increase diversity representation through recruitment and employment from within a qualified pool of eligible minorities.
Ethical Theories
- Agent-Based Virtue Ethics: a system of ethics that is based on the idea that each individual has an internal sense of what is right and wrong.
- Care Ethics: a system of ethics based on the importance of being a positive force within a social group.
- Deontology: the ethics of an action should be judged relative to its compliance with a code of conduct based on certain categorical imperatives.
- Eudemonism: a virtue ethic theory that centers on moral or intellectual traits that cause an individual to "flourish".
Decision-Making and Ethics
- Consequence Analysis: the prediction of likely outcomes and their ramifications.
- Consequentialism: the theory that the ethics of an action should be judged by its outcome.
- Decision Ethics: a genre of applied ethics in which various normative theories are applied to the decision-making process.
Leadership and Ethics
- Ethical Leadership: the act of leading individuals using ethical methods and seeking ethical outcomes.
- Leadership in Ethics: leadership methods intended to raise the ethical standards of followers.
- Servant Leadership: a leadership theory developed by Robert Greenleaf oriented to putting the well-being of people and communities first as a management priority.
Morality and Justice
- Justice: the quality of being equitable, compliant with law, or acting with respect to individual rights.
- Justice-Based Ethical Assessment: ethical choices made on the perceived basis of fairness or a more advanced concept of social justice.
- Malum in se: a Latin term meaning "wrong" or "evil in itself".
Accountability and Responsibility
- Fiduciary: a person who holds either an imperative ethical or legal responsibility for the welfare of another person or a person's assets.
- Fiduciary Responsibility: a mandate for the highest standard of care under the law.
- Internal Controls: a form of accountability relying on individual ethical behavior reinforced by ethics education, the maintenance of ethical cultures, and the removal of disincentives for ethical misbehavior.
Personal and Professional Ethics
- Personal Ethics: the basic principles and values that govern interactions among individuals.
- Personal Ethics Code: a formal declaration of values and priorities.
- Professional Code of Ethics: a formalized statement of behavior expectations created by a recognized authority.
Additional Concepts
- Cognitive Disengagement: a suspension of rational understanding, or an exercise in self-deception.
- Cognitive Dissonance: the feeling of discomfort we feel when we perceive an inconsistency among values, beliefs, and attitudes.
- Emotional Intelligence: the ability to understand and manage emotional aspects of human interaction.
- Empathy: the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of others.### Governmental Transparency
- Sunshine laws aim to promote governmental transparency through ethical requirements.
Social Norms
- Taboos are strict prohibitions of behavior, and violating them may result in social censure.
Workplace Diversity
- Tokenism involves selecting minorities for aesthetics or political correctness, rather than genuine diversity.
- Transformational approach to diversity promotes diversity through social responsibility and economic benefits of a diverse workforce.
- Workplace diversity refers to differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation.
Leadership and Ethics
- Transformational leadership, as theorized by James M. Burns, emphasizes employee empowerment and development.
- Utilitarianism judges the ethics of an action by its positive consequences for a majority of stakeholders.
- Virtue ethics roots ethics in compliance with particular virtues.
- Virtue-based ethical assessment makes choices based on perceived consistency with character.
Organizational Values
- Values are a collection of virtues, principles, standards, or qualities held in high regard by an individual or group.
- Value statement is a formal declaration of an organization's priorities and core beliefs.
- Unofficial values are held by firefighters and reflect the department's culture and traditions.
Communication and Whistleblowing
- Viral post is a blog or social media message that is continuously shared.
- Whistle-blower is a person who exposes illegal or unethical information or activity by an organization.
- Whistle-blower protections prohibit retaliatory action against employees who disclose information.
Ethics
- Accountability: an element of responsibility associated with another individual or group.
- Affective Component: emotions, such as anxiety, sorrow, or excitement, that a person has regarding an object.
- Affirmative Action: a diversity effort to increase diversity representation through recruitment and employment from within a qualified pool of eligible minorities.
Ethical Theories
- Agent-Based Virtue Ethics: a system of ethics that is based on the idea that each individual has an internal sense of what is right and wrong.
- Care Ethics: a system of ethics based on the importance of being a positive force within a social group.
- Deontology: the ethics of an action should be judged relative to its compliance with a code of conduct based on certain categorical imperatives.
- Eudemonism: a virtue ethic theory that centers on moral or intellectual traits that cause an individual to "flourish".
Decision-Making and Ethics
- Consequence Analysis: the prediction of likely outcomes and their ramifications.
- Consequentialism: the theory that the ethics of an action should be judged by its outcome.
- Decision Ethics: a genre of applied ethics in which various normative theories are applied to the decision-making process.
Leadership and Ethics
- Ethical Leadership: the act of leading individuals using ethical methods and seeking ethical outcomes.
- Leadership in Ethics: leadership methods intended to raise the ethical standards of followers.
- Servant Leadership: a leadership theory developed by Robert Greenleaf oriented to putting the well-being of people and communities first as a management priority.
Morality and Justice
- Justice: the quality of being equitable, compliant with law, or acting with respect to individual rights.
- Justice-Based Ethical Assessment: ethical choices made on the perceived basis of fairness or a more advanced concept of social justice.
- Malum in se: a Latin term meaning "wrong" or "evil in itself".
Accountability and Responsibility
- Fiduciary: a person who holds either an imperative ethical or legal responsibility for the welfare of another person or a person's assets.
- Fiduciary Responsibility: a mandate for the highest standard of care under the law.
- Internal Controls: a form of accountability relying on individual ethical behavior reinforced by ethics education, the maintenance of ethical cultures, and the removal of disincentives for ethical misbehavior.
Personal and Professional Ethics
- Personal Ethics: the basic principles and values that govern interactions among individuals.
- Personal Ethics Code: a formal declaration of values and priorities.
- Professional Code of Ethics: a formalized statement of behavior expectations created by a recognized authority.
Additional Concepts
- Cognitive Disengagement: a suspension of rational understanding, or an exercise in self-deception.
- Cognitive Dissonance: the feeling of discomfort we feel when we perceive an inconsistency among values, beliefs, and attitudes.
- Emotional Intelligence: the ability to understand and manage emotional aspects of human interaction.
- Empathy: the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experiences of others.### Governmental Transparency
- Sunshine laws aim to promote governmental transparency through ethical requirements.
Social Norms
- Taboos are strict prohibitions of behavior, and violating them may result in social censure.
Workplace Diversity
- Tokenism involves selecting minorities for aesthetics or political correctness, rather than genuine diversity.
- Transformational approach to diversity promotes diversity through social responsibility and economic benefits of a diverse workforce.
- Workplace diversity refers to differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation.
Leadership and Ethics
- Transformational leadership, as theorized by James M. Burns, emphasizes employee empowerment and development.
- Utilitarianism judges the ethics of an action by its positive consequences for a majority of stakeholders.
- Virtue ethics roots ethics in compliance with particular virtues.
- Virtue-based ethical assessment makes choices based on perceived consistency with character.
Organizational Values
- Values are a collection of virtues, principles, standards, or qualities held in high regard by an individual or group.
- Value statement is a formal declaration of an organization's priorities and core beliefs.
- Unofficial values are held by firefighters and reflect the department's culture and traditions.
Communication and Whistleblowing
- Viral post is a blog or social media message that is continuously shared.
- Whistle-blower is a person who exposes illegal or unethical information or activity by an organization.
- Whistle-blower protections prohibit retaliatory action against employees who disclose information.
This quiz covers various concepts in business ethics, including accountability, affective components, affirmative action, and agent-based virtue ethics. Test your understanding of these important principles in the business world.
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