Business Concepts Quiz

Crown Infraction

• An incomplete fracture (crack) of the enamel without loss of tooth enamel substance.
• The enamel remains adhered to the underlying dentin.

Complicated Crown Fracture

• A fracture involving enamel and dentin, exposing the pulp.

Uncomplicated Crown Root Fracture

• A fracture involving enamel, dentin and cementum, but not involving the pulp.

Complicated Crown Root Fracture

• A fracture involving enamel, dentin and cementum, exposing the pulp.

Root Fracture

• A fracture involving cementum, dentin and the pulp.

Concussion

• A minor injury to the periodontium.
• No displacement or mobility of the tooth.

Subluxation

• An injury to the periodontium.
• Slight mobility of the tooth without displacement.
• Damage to the blood supply of the pulp and periodontium is typically minor but can lead to pulpal problems.

Extrusive Luxation

• Displacement of the tooth in an extrusive direction, involving periodontal support and pulpal blood supply.

Lateral Luxation

• Displacement of the tooth from its long axis, often with apical displacement labially and coronal part palatally.
• Pulpal blood supply is usually completely severed.

Intrusive Luxation

• Displacement of the tooth apically, causing crushing of neurovascular bundles entering the pulp.
• Severe damage to the cementum and periodontium.

Avulsion

• Complete displacement of the tooth from the alveolus, causing total disruption of the pulpal blood supply.

A Follow Up Evaluation

• Radiographic evaluation every 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, then yearly.
• Vitality test.
• Mobility test.
• Percussion.

Observation of Color Changes

• Gray crown discoloration indicates necrosis.
• Yellow crown discoloration indicates calcification.

Pulpal Necrosis

• Studies indicate that approximately 1-16% of traumatized anterior teeth will develop pulpal necrosis.

Observation of Soft Tissue Changes

• Swelling, fistula and sinuses.

Treatment of Crown Infraction (enamel infraction)

• Usually no treatment is needed.
• In cases of marked infractions, etching and sealing with resin is recommended to prevent discoloration.

Treatment of Crown Infraction (enamel-dentin infraction)

• Tooth fragment bonding if available.
• Grinding or restoration with composite resin, depending on the extent and location of the fracture.

Treatment of Crown Infraction (enamel-dentin-pulp infraction)

• Tooth fragment bonding if available.
• Provisional treatment covering the exposed dentin with glass-ionomer or a permanent restoration (using a bonding agent and composite resin).
• Definitive treatment with accepted dental restorative materials.

Uncomplicated Crown Fracture

• No treatment needed unless associated with a luxation injury.

Complicated Crown Fracture

• Treatment options include direct pulp capping, pulpotomy (partial), root canal treatment with class IV restoration, root canal treatment with post & core.

Incisal edge reattachment

• Bonding and composite technology allows for reattachment of fractured tooth fragments.
• Rehydration of the tooth fragment in distilled water or saline for 30 minutes before reattachment improves bonding strength.

Advantages of Tooth Fragment Reattachment

• Improves esthetics by maintaining original shape/color/texture, preserves identical tooth contact and provides color stability over time.

Wear characteristics of Reattached Teeth

• Similar wear rate to adjacent teeth, but composite restorations may wear more rapidly.

Clinical Procedure characteristics of Reattachment

• Safe, simple procedure, less time in chair.
• Reduces treatment costs.

Incisal Fragment Reattachment Techniques

• Various techniques and materials have been used successfully for reattachment.

Simple Reattachment

• Clinicians employ various bevel designs, chamfers, dentinal and enamel grooves, and different resin composite materials and techniques.

Uncomplicated Crown-Root Fracture

• Often a temporary stabilization of a loose segment is performed initially until a definitive treatment plan is made.

Complicated Crown-Root Fracture

• Temporary stabilization of a loose segment to adjacent teeth is often done initially.
• Preserving pulp vitality in immature teeth with partial pulpotomy is advantageous.
• Root canal treatment might be suitable with mature teeth.

Different Treatments for Complicated Crown Fractures

• Direct pulp capping
• Partial Pulpotomy
• Root canal treatment + class IV restoration
• Root canal treatment + post & core

Incisal Reattachment Methods

• Use of adhesive dentistry to attach fragments.
• If tooth fragment is kept dry, it must be rehydrated in saline prior to reattachment.

Advantages of Incisal Fragment Reattachment

• Improved esthetics: maintains original tooth shape, color, brightness, and surface textures; preserves identical tooth contact; and provides color stability over time.

Patient Instructions

• Avoid participation in contact sports.
• Soft food for up to 2 weeks.
• Brush teeth with a soft toothbrush after each meal.
• Use chlorhexidine (0.1%) mouth rinse twice daily for 1 week.

Follow-up

• Clinical and radiographic control after 2 weeks.
• Clinical and radiographic control after 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year.

Root Canal Treatment

• 7-10 days after replantation, place calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament up to a month.
• Replace with root canal filling with an acceptable material.

Ankylosis

• Ankylosis is often associated with infraposition in children and adolescents.
• Careful follow-up and good communication are needed.

Open Apex Replantation

• Avoidance of root canal treatment.
• Splint removal and clinical/radiographic control after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3,6 months and 1 year.

Delayed Replantation

• Poor long term prognosis, and periodontal ligament is expected to be necrotic.
• No possibility of treatment for esthetic, functional and psychological issues, eventually leads to ankylosis and tooth resorption.

Sports Safety

• Mouthguards and helmets are important tools that are needed for protecting the oral and dental tissues of those participating in sports.
• Mouthguards consist of gum shields created by a dentist.

Subluxation

• Injury to tooth supporting structures that results in increased mobility without any tooth displacement.
• Bleeding from gingival sulcus confirms the diagnosis.
• Usually no treatment is needed but a flexible splint may be used for up to 2 weeks for patient comfort.

Intrusion

• Displacement of the tooth into alveolar bone.
• Often results from comminution or fracture of the alveolar socket.
• Usually immobile and has a metallic or ankylotic sound when percussion is used.
• Radiograph is sometimes needed to see if tooth has penetrated nasal cavity.

Avulsion

• Complete displacement of the tooth from its socket.
• Treatment involves keeping the tooth moist and safe and transporting it to a dentist/oral healthcare provider as quickly as possible.
• Replantation procedure is followed if possible to reinsert tooth in its socket and stabilize in place accordingly.

Test your knowledge on essential business concepts, including marketing effectiveness, financial health measures, leadership styles, project management methods, and risk management goals. This quiz will challenge your understanding of key principles in the business world.