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Questions and Answers
What defines a work package?
What is considered a plateau in the context of enterprise architecture?
Which of the following correctly describes a distribution network?
What characterizes an implementation event?
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What does the term 'gap' refer to in the context of plateaus?
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What is a primary purpose of events in Business Process Diagrams?
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Which of the following correctly defines a gateway in Business Process Modeling Notation?
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Which element type in Business Process Diagrams relates to the performance of tasks?
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What does a 'pool' represent in the context of swimlanes?
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What differentiates a Collaborative BP from a Private BP in BPMN?
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Which characteristic is true of a message flow in Business Process Diagrams?
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What does a data object represent in Business Process Modeling Notation?
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Which of the following is a crucial characteristic of the Unified Modeling Language (UML)?
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What defines a business service within the context of business behavior concepts?
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Which of the following best describes a business process?
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What is a business interface?
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Which concept refers to a state change within an organization that is instantaneous?
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What does an application component encapsulate?
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What is a data object in the context of application structure?
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Which of the following best characterizes application behavior?
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What does the term 'application collaboration' refer to?
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What is an Application Event in relation to application behavior?
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Which of the following describes a Technology Interface?
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How is a Technology Service defined?
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What does a Technology Process represent?
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Which term refers to a collection of nodes working together?
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What is meant by the term 'Node' in technology structure?
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What does the term 'Artefact' refer to in the context of software development?
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What characterizes Application Interaction?
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Which existing practices contributed to the emergence of UML?
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What type of diagram is used to describe the functionality of a system from the user's perspective?
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Which diagram illustrates the dynamic flow of control from one activity to another within a system?
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What does a deployment diagram depict?
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Which UML diagram focuses on the interactions between objects over time?
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What is the primary purpose of a composite structure diagram?
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What does an interaction overview diagram combine?
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Which behavioral UML diagram describes the dynamic behavior of a system in response to stimuli?
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Study Notes
Business Collaboration
- It is an aggregate of two or more active internal business structure elements that work together to perform collective behavior.
Business Behavior Concepts
- Business Service: An explicitly defined perceptible business behavior used to manifest business functionality to the environment.
- Business Process: A sequence of business behaviors that achieve a specific outcome, such as a defined set of products and services.
- Business Function: A collection of business behaviors based on a chosen set of criteria closely aligned to an organization but not explicitly governed by the organization.
- Business Interaction: A unit of collective business behavior collaboratively performed by two or more business roles.
- Business Event: Denotes an organizational state change, which is instantaneous and does not have a specific duration.
Products and Contracts
- Product: A coherent collection of services and/or passive structure elements, accompanied by a contract or a set of agreements, which is offered as a whole to customers.
- Contract: A formal or informal specification of an agreement between a provider and a consumer
- Product Contract: A contract that specifies the product's features, responsibilities, and required services.
Application Structure Concepts
- Application Component: An encapsulation of an application’s functionality aligned to the implementation structure, which is modular and replaceable.
- Application Collaboration: An aggregate of two (2) or more application components working together to perform collective application behavior.
- Application Interface: A point of access where an application service is made available to users to another application component or a node.
- Data Object: Data that is structured for automated processing.
Application Behavior Concepts
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Application Service:
- An explicitly defined and visible application behavior
- Used to specify services provided by the business.
- Application Function: An automated behavior that can be performed by an application component.
- Application Process: A sequence of application behaviors that realizes a specific outcome.
- Application Interaction: A unit of collective application behavior collaboratively performed by two (2) or more application components.
- Application Event: An application behavior that denotes a state of change.
Technology Structure Concepts
- Node: A computational or a physical resource that hosts, manipulates, or interacts with other computational or physical resources.
- Technology Collaboration: An aggregate of two (2) or more nodes that work together to perform collective behavior.
- Technology Interface: A point of access where technological services offered by a node can be accessed.
- Device: A physical information technology resource wherein system software and artifacts can be deployed for execution.
- System Software: Software that supports a business environment in storing, executing, and utilizing applications, including the data deployed within the environment.
- Path: A link between two (2) or more nodes through which the exchange of data or material happens.
- Communication Network: A set of structures that connects computer systems or other electronic devices for transmission, routing, and reception of data or information.
- Artefact: A piece of data that is used and/or produced in a software development process or a system deployment and operation.
Technology Behavior Concepts
- Technology Service: An external visible unit of functionality, provided by one or more nodes accessible through well-defined interfaces.
- Technology Function: A behavior element that groups infrastructural behavior, which can be performed by a node.
- Technology Process: A sequence of technological behavior that achieves a specific outcome.
- Technology Interaction: A unit of collective technology behavior collaboratively performed by two (2) or more nodes.
- Technology Event: A technology behavior element that denotes a state of change.
Physical Concepts
- Equipment: A physical machine, tool, or instrument that can create, use, store, move, or transform materials.
- Facility: A physical structure or environment interconnected by distribution networks.
- Distribution Network: A physical network used to transport materials, data, or information.
- Material: Tangible matter or physical element that can be accessed by equipment.
Implementation and Migration Concepts
- Work Package: A series of actions designed to achieve a specific goal or result within a clearly defined beginning and end date and resource constraints.
- Implementation Event: A behavior element that denotes a state of change related to implementation or migration that can encompass a time attribute.
- Deliverable: A precisely defined outcome of a work package.
Migration Planning Concepts
- Plateau: A relatively stable state of an enterprise architecture that exists during a specific period of time.
- Gap: A statement of difference between two (2) plateaus
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
- Developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI)
- Also known as Business Process Model and Notation
BPMN Elements
Flow Objects
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Event: A trigger that starts, modifies, or completes a process. Includes message, timer, error, compensation, signal, cancel, escalation, etc.
- Throwing Event: Sends a signal or message to another process.
- Catching Event: Receives a signal or message from another process.
- Activity: A particular task performed by a person or system. Includes subprocesses, loops, multiple loops, and compensations.
- Gateway: A decision point that can adjust the path based on conditions or events. Can be exclusive or inclusive, parallel, complex, or based on data or event.
Connecting Objects
- Sequence Flow: Shows the order of activities to be performed.
- Message Flow: Depicts messages that flow across pools, should not connect events or activities within a pool.
- Association: Associates an artifact or text to an event, activity, or a gateway.
Swimlanes
- Pool: Represents major participants in a process.
- Lane: A subpart of a pool, shows the activities and flow for a certain role or participant.
Artifacts
- Data Object: Shows the necessary data for an activity.
- Group: Shows a logical grouping of activities, doesn't change the diagram’s flow.
- Annotation: Provides further explanation to a part of a diagram.
Sub-models Within a BPMN Diagram
- Private BP: Involves internal processes to a specific organization, does not cross pools or organizational boundaries.
- Abstract BP: Occurs between a Private BP and an external participation or process, does not show the Private BP itself.
- Collaborative BP: Shows the interaction between two or more business entities.
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
- An industry-standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting software systems.
- Emerged from the combination of three (3) existing practices: Booch Method, Object-Modeling Technique (OMT), and Objectory.
- Commonly used by programmers, but not generally used by database developers.
Modeling Concepts Specified by UML:
- Functional: Use-case diagrams, which describe system functionality from the point of view of a user.
- Object: Class diagrams, which describe the structure of a system in terms of objects, attributes, associations, and operations.
- Dynamic: Interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams, which are used to describe the internal behavior of the system.
Types of UML Diagrams
Structural UML Diagrams
- Class Diagram: Describes the static structure of a system.
- Package Diagram: A subset of a class diagram used to organize elements of a system into related groups.
- Object Diagram: Describes the static structure of a system at a particular time and can be used to test class diagrams for accuracy.
- Component Diagram: Describes the organization of physical software components, including source codes, run-time code, and executables.
- Composite Structure Diagram: Shows the internal parts of a class.
- Deployment Diagram: Depicts the physical resources in a system, including nodes, components, and connections.
Behavioral UML Diagrams
- Activity Diagram: Illustrates the dynamic nature of a system by modeling the flow of control from activity to activity.
- Communication Diagram: Describes the interactions among classes in terms of an exchange of messages over time.
- Use Case Diagram: Models the functionalities of a system using actors and use cases and can be considered as a simplified version of a collaboration diagram introduced in UML 2.0.
- State Machine Diagram: Describes the dynamic behavior of a system in response to external stimuli.
- Sequence Diagram: Models the interactions between objects in sequence.
- Interaction Overview Diagram: A combination of an activity and a sequence diagram which models a more complex interaction.
- Timing Diagram: An interaction UML diagram that focuses on processes that take place during a specific period of time, wherein time is shown to increase from left to right.
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Description
Test your understanding of key business behavior concepts, including business services, processes, functions, and interactions. This quiz covers how these concepts work together within an organizational framework and their significance in business collaboration.
