Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the dividend cover ratio?
What is the purpose of the dividend cover ratio?
- To evaluate the effectiveness of financial statements
- To analyze employee compensation methods
- To assess how profits cover dividend payments (correct)
- To determine the growth potential of a company
Which type of share option allows employees to purchase company stock at a discounted price?
Which type of share option allows employees to purchase company stock at a discounted price?
- Incentive stock options (ISOs)
- Employee stock purchase plans (ESPPs) (correct)
- Non-qualified stock options (NSOs)
- Restricted stock units (RSUs)
What is the primary goal of a business in a market economy?
What is the primary goal of a business in a market economy?
- To create a sustainable community impact
- To achieve shareholder wealth maximisation (correct)
- To maintain employee satisfaction
- To maximize profit over time
How does the length of the time horizon affect financial statements?
How does the length of the time horizon affect financial statements?
What is one method of conducting sensitivity analysis?
What is one method of conducting sensitivity analysis?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'wealth' in the context of shareholders?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'wealth' in the context of shareholders?
What is one way shareholders influence the behavior of company directors?
What is one way shareholders influence the behavior of company directors?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common types of share options?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common types of share options?
How do stakeholders differ from shareholders in relation to a company?
How do stakeholders differ from shareholders in relation to a company?
Why is it tempting to conclude that profit maximization leads to shareholder wealth maximization?
Why is it tempting to conclude that profit maximization leads to shareholder wealth maximization?
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Study Notes
Business Goals and Shareholder Wealth
- Businesses operate with the primary goal of maximizing shareholder wealth through wealth maximization.
- Shareholders invest in businesses to achieve the highest possible increase in wealth for their risk level.
- The concept of 'wealth' in business refers to the market value of ordinary shares, influenced by expected future returns and associated risks.
- A business may prioritize profit maximization over shareholder wealth, though profit is often seen as a means to achieve wealth growth.
Stakeholders vs. Shareholders
- Stakeholders encompass individuals or groups dependent on a company, such as employees, suppliers, customers, and the community.
- Shareholders are specific individuals or institutions owning one or more shares in a company, often for retirement benefits or long-term appreciation.
Control Mechanisms for Directors
- Shareholders can influence directors' behavior through:
- Incentive plans linking director remuneration to share performance, aligning director and shareholder interests.
- Close monitoring of directors’ actions regarding business resource usage.
Dividends and Dividend Cover Ratio
- Dividends are typically lower than available profits during a period.
- The dividend cover ratio indicates how profits available for dividends compare to actual dividend payments.
Types of Employee Share Options
- Common types of share options used for employee compensation in startups:
- Incentive Stock Options (ISOs)
- Non-qualified Stock Options (NSOs)
- Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs)
- Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Financial Planning and Sensitivity Analysis
- Projected financial statements are crucial during the planning process, aiding in evaluating long-term strategies and short-term planning.
- These statements can cover various time horizons, with details influenced by the duration considered.
- Sensitivity analysis utilizes 'what if?' scenarios to assess potential outcomes based on varying inputs (e.g., changes in sales volume).
- Justification of input changes is essential for effective decision-making.
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