Bus and Memory Transfers in Computer Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of transferring new information to be stored into memory called?

  • Write operation (correct)
  • Read operation
  • Address registration
  • Memory designation
  • Which symbol designates a memory word in the context of memory operations?

  • AR
  • M (correct)
  • R1
  • DR
  • What is necessary to specify when performing memory transfer operations?

  • Digital component
  • Logic operation type
  • Address of memory word (correct)
  • Data register location
  • Which operation can be stated as 'DR ← M[AR]'?

    <p>Read operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microoperation involves performing bit manipulation operations on non-numeric data stored in registers?

    <p>Logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To implement the add microoperation with hardware, what components are needed?

    <p>Registers and digital components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a common bus in a computer system?

    <p>To select which register is connected to the bus during each transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are control signals utilized in relation to bus and memory transfers?

    <p>To choose the bits of one register for transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component can be used instead of multiplexers to construct a common bus?

    <p>Three-state gates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the third state exhibited by a three-state gate in a digital circuit?

    <p>High-impedance state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are loading effects minimized in a common bus line constructed using three-state gates?

    <p>By ensuring only one control input is active at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a read operation involve in the context of memory transfers?

    <p>Sending information from a memory word to the outside environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bus and Memory Transfers

    • A common bus is used to connect registers instead of individual wires between them.
    • A bus structure consists of a set of common lines, one for each bit of a register.
    • Control signals determine which register is selected by the bus during each transfer.
    • Multiplexers can be used to construct a common bus, selecting the source register whose binary information is placed on the bus.
    • Three-state gates can be used instead of multiplexers to construct the bus system, allowing multiple outputs to be connected without loading effects.
    • Decoders ensure that no more than one control input is active at any given time.

    Memory Transfers

    • A read operation transfers information from a memory word to the outside environment.
    • A write operation transfers new information to be stored into the memory.
    • A memory word is designated by the letter M, and its address is specified by the address register AR.
    • The data register is designated by DR.
    • Read operation: DR ← M[AR]
    • Write operation: M[AR] ← R1

    Arithmetic Microoperations

    • There are four categories of microoperations: Register transfer, Arithmetic, Logic, and Shift.
    • Arithmetic microoperations include addition, subtraction, increment, decrement, and shift.
    • To implement the add microoperation, hardware requires registers to hold the data and a digital component to perform the addition.
    • A full-adder adds two bits and a previous carry.
    • A binary adder is a digital circuit that generates the arithmetic sum of two binary numbers of any length.

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    Description

    Explore how common bus structures are used for transferring data between registers in computer systems. Learn about the role of control signals and multiplexers in selecting and transferring binary information via the bus.

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