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Questions and Answers
What is the process of transferring new information to be stored into memory called?
Which symbol designates a memory word in the context of memory operations?
What is necessary to specify when performing memory transfer operations?
Which operation can be stated as 'DR ← M[AR]'?
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What type of microoperation involves performing bit manipulation operations on non-numeric data stored in registers?
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To implement the add microoperation with hardware, what components are needed?
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What is the purpose of using a common bus in a computer system?
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How are control signals utilized in relation to bus and memory transfers?
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What component can be used instead of multiplexers to construct a common bus?
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What is the third state exhibited by a three-state gate in a digital circuit?
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How are loading effects minimized in a common bus line constructed using three-state gates?
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What does a read operation involve in the context of memory transfers?
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Study Notes
Bus and Memory Transfers
- A common bus is used to connect registers instead of individual wires between them.
- A bus structure consists of a set of common lines, one for each bit of a register.
- Control signals determine which register is selected by the bus during each transfer.
- Multiplexers can be used to construct a common bus, selecting the source register whose binary information is placed on the bus.
- Three-state gates can be used instead of multiplexers to construct the bus system, allowing multiple outputs to be connected without loading effects.
- Decoders ensure that no more than one control input is active at any given time.
Memory Transfers
- A read operation transfers information from a memory word to the outside environment.
- A write operation transfers new information to be stored into the memory.
- A memory word is designated by the letter M, and its address is specified by the address register AR.
- The data register is designated by DR.
- Read operation:
DR ← M[AR] - Write operation:
M[AR] ← R1
Arithmetic Microoperations
- There are four categories of microoperations: Register transfer, Arithmetic, Logic, and Shift.
- Arithmetic microoperations include addition, subtraction, increment, decrement, and shift.
- To implement the add microoperation, hardware requires registers to hold the data and a digital component to perform the addition.
- A full-adder adds two bits and a previous carry.
- A binary adder is a digital circuit that generates the arithmetic sum of two binary numbers of any length.
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Description
Explore how common bus structures are used for transferring data between registers in computer systems. Learn about the role of control signals and multiplexers in selecting and transferring binary information via the bus.
