Burns: Pathophysiology & Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What are the 3 things that burns can be caused by?

Heat, radiation, electricity, friction, and contact with chemicals.

Which of the following are NOT considered a burn?

  • Sunburn
  • Friction burn
  • Electrical burn
  • Allergic reaction (correct)
  • Chemical burn

What are the 2 layers of skin?

Epidermis and dermis

The epidermis is involved in thermoregulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dermis is responsible for the regeneration of epidermis cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 zones of a burn?

<p>Zone of coagulation, zone of stasis, and zone of hyperaemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zone of coagulation is characterized by decreased tissue perfusion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zone of stasis is potentially salvageable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The zone of hyperaemia is the outermost zone of a burn.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lethal triad in burns consists of hypothermia, coagulation, and metabolic acidosis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that occurs when there is an abnormal production of glucose and resistance to insulin, resulting in a decrease in glucose uptake and clearance from the body?

<p>Hyperglycaemia plus loss of volume-loss of 02 so production of lactic acid=metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 things to look for when assessing a patient with a burn?

<p>The location, the extent, the depth, and the type of burn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is not important to consider the airway in a patient with a burn.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A true RSI (Rapid Sequence Intubation) includes rapid acting drugs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In severe burns, the patient's chest is often difficult to expand.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a burn patient, Boyles's law doesn't apply to breathing.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The patient's breathing is often not deep enough in a burn.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The systemic response to a burn does not cause vascular permeability, leading to oedema.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Burn patients need increased fluid volume due to the body's need for fluid at the local site.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintaining HR is not crucial in burn patients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blood pressure remains stable in burn patients.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

1st Degree Burn

A burn injury that damages the epidermis only. It's characterized by redness, pain, and mild swelling. It usually heals within a few days without scarring.

2nd Degree Burn

A burn injury that damages both the epidermis and dermis. It's characterized by blisters, pain, and redness. Healing takes longer and can leave scars.

3rd Degree Burn

A burn injury that damages all layers of the skin, including the subcutaneous fat, muscles, and sometimes even bone. It appears white, leathery, or charred. Requires immediate medical attention.

Superficial Burn

A burn that impacts the epidermis causing redness, pain, and mild swelling. It heals within a few days without scarring.

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Partial Thickness Burn

A burn that damages the dermis and epidermis, causing blisters, pain, and redness. It takes longer to heal and can leave scars.

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Full Thickness Burn

A burn that damages all layers of the skin and potentially underlying tissues. It's characterized by charring, white appearance, and little to no pain due to nerve damage.

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Zone of Coagulation

The area of a burn where tissue is destroyed and irreversible damage has occurred.

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Zone of Stasis

The area surrounding the zone of coagulation where tissue perfusion is decreased, but potentially salvageable.

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Zone of Hyperemia

The outermost area of a burn where tissue perfusion is actually increased due to an inflammatory response.

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Hypothermia

A condition in which the core body temperature drops below 34°C, often experienced by severe burn victims.

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Hypovolemia

The decrease in blood volume due to fluid loss from the burn injury.

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Lethal Triad

A dangerous combination of hypothermia, coagulation disorders, and metabolic acidosis that can lead to death in severe burn victims.

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Insulin Resistance

A condition where the body can't use glucose for energy effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels.

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Catabolism

The increased breakdown of body tissues into smaller molecules, often seen in severe burns.

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Hormonal Response

The release of hormones like adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, and glycogen in response to burn injury.

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Gluconeogenesis

The process where the body uses non-carbohydrate sources like fat or protein to create glucose for energy.

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Glycogenolysis

The process of breaking down glycogen (stored sugar) into glucose for energy.

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Hyperglycemia

The excessive production of glucose in the body, often seen after burn injury.

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Metabolic Acidosis

A metabolic condition characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood, leading to a decrease in blood pH.

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Respiratory Distress

Difficulty breathing due to airway obstruction or reduced lung function.

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Temperature Dysregulation

A life-threatening condition where the body fails to regulate its core temperature effectively.

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Increased Vascular Permeability

The increased permeability of blood vessels, allowing fluid to leak out into surrounding tissues, leading to swelling.

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Peripheral and Splanchnic Vasoconstriction

The constriction of blood vessels in the peripheral areas and organs of the digestive system.

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Decreased Myocardial Contractility

The reduction in the strength of the heart's contractions, decreasing the volume of blood pumped with each beat.

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Hypotension

The decrease in blood pressure due to fluid loss and reduced cardiac output.

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Hypoperfusion

The insufficient supply of blood to the body's organs.

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Tachycardia

An increased heart rate, often seen as the body tries to compensate for low blood pressure and reduced cardiac output.

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Pulse Oximetry

A vital sign that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood, indicating how well the lungs are working.

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Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI)

A procedure used to secure the airway in a patient with a compromised airway, involving rapid drug administration and intubation.

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Difficult Intubation Trolley

A device used in emergency situations to help manage difficult intubations.

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Fiber-optic Scope

A flexible, thin, lighted tube used to visualize the airway during intubation.

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Tracheostomy

A surgically created opening in the trachea to allow breathing when other methods are unsuccessful.

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Inflammatory Mediators

The release of chemicals like cytokines and inflammatory mediators at the site of injury, contributing to the systemic response to a burn.

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Study Notes

Burns: Pathophysiology & Treatment

  • Burns are injuries to skin or other tissues caused by heat, radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals.
  • The release of hormones like adrenaline, cortisol, and glycogen cause systemic effects.
  • Immediate treatment steps include:
    • Locating and assessing the burned area and the extent of the burn.
    • Determining the severity (degree) of the burn.
    • Assessing airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).
    • Managing the airway, breathing and circulation problems
      • Keep room temperature above 29 C and aim for a temperature over 34 for the patient
      • A true RSI includes rapid acting drugs
    • Managing burns with appropriate fluids, especially during the third degree.
  • Complications include hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, and possible lactic acidosis.
  • Patients with burns can have a hypermetabolic and catabolic state long after the wound has healed.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of burns, including their pathophysiology and immediate treatment protocols. It highlights the systemic effects of burns and the complications that may arise, as well as vital management strategies for patient care. Test your knowledge on how to assess and treat burn injuries effectively.

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