GMED3009 Burn Injury Module Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of these factors determines the severity of an electrical burn?

Resistance of the tissue to electric current flow

The strength of the electrical impulse

The duration of the current flow

All of the above (correct)

Which type of burn is characterized by coagulation necrosis of the tissue?

Acid burns (correct)

Alkaline burns

Radiation burns

Friction burns

What is the most common type of radiation burn?

Radio frequency burns

Burns from therapeutic radiation therapy

Ionizing radiation burns

Sunburn (correct)

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for airway thermal burn?

Coughing in the burn environment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of burn is characterized by only epidermal layer involvement?

Superficial burn (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of burn injury?

Frostbite (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a first-degree burn and a second-degree burn?

Depth of tissue damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiological response to a burn injury?

Increased inflammation and edema (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for estimating the extent of a burn injury?

Glasgow Coma Scale (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of a burn injury?

Hypothermia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary initial goal of managing a patient with a burn injury?

Ensuring adequate hydration (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically NOT used to manage a burn injury?

Antiviral medication (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the epidermis in the skin?

Acting as a barrier against infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used to estimate the extent of burn injury?

Glasgow Coma Scale (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which hypovolemia occurs after a burn injury?

Increased capillary permeability leading to fluid loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key risk factor for infection in burn victims?

Eschar formation (C) Signup and view all the answers

A burn that involves the epidermis and dermis, but does not cause charring, is classified as which type of burn?

Deep partial-thickness burn (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which method of estimating TBSA is considered more accurate for children?

Lund-Browder Chart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant complication that arises from the release of myoglobin following a burn injury?

Rhabdomyolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the initial assessment for a burn victim?

Gastrointestinal function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of fluid therapy in the management of moderate to severe burns?

Restore fluid volume and maintain circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

A burn is considered a serious burn if it involves:

The face, hands, feet, joints, or genitalia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which thermal burns cause tissue damage?

Direct transfer of heat energy to tissue causing molecular changes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for the management of minor burns?

Applying butter or oil to the burn (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of a thermal burn is characterized by decreased blood flow and potential for eventual tissue necrosis?

Zone of Stasis (C) Signup and view all the answers

A burn that extends through the dermis and involves subcutaneous fat, muscle, or bone is classified as:

Fourth-degree burn (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these symptoms is characteristic of a burn injury in the emergent phase?

Tachycardia (D) Signup and view all the answers

The fluid shift phase of burn injury typically occurs during which timeframe?

18-24 hours after the burn (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increased nutritional need during the hypermetabolic phase of burn injury?

Tissue regeneration and repair requires substantial energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is most commonly used to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by a burn in children?

Lund-Browder chart (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of accurately estimating the extent of a burn injury?

To guide the choice of treatment and potential need for transfer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a typical complication associated with burn injuries?

Hyperthermia (B) Signup and view all the answers

The management of a burn patient in the emergent phase focuses on:

Fluid resuscitation and airway management (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Applied Bioscience for Health Complexity 2 (GMED3009) - Burn Injury Module

Learning Outcomes: Define burns, describe burn injury mechanisms, classification, pathophysiology, methods of estimating burn injury extent, complications, and management of a patient with burns.
Definition of Burn: A traumatic injury to the skin or other organic tissue, primarily caused by heat, exposure to electrical discharge, friction, chemicals, or radiation.
Burn Mechanisms:
- Heat: Associated with flames, hot liquids, hot objects, and steam. Most thermal burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis. Thermal injury depends on contact temperature, duration of contact, and heat source thickness.
- Electrical Discharge: Electrical energy transforms into heat as current passes through poorly conducting tissue. The severity depends on the current pathway, resistance, and duration.
- Friction: Mechanical disruption of tissues and heat generation from friction.
- Chemicals: Caustic reactions cause injury, severity depends on exposure duration and chemical type. Acid causes coagulation necrosis, while alkalis cause liquefaction necrosis.
- Radiation: Radiofrequency or ionizing radiation can damage skin and tissues. Sunburns are a common example.
Inhalation Injury:
- Toxic Inhalation: Exposure to substances like synthetic resin combustion, cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide can cause systemic poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning is a significant concern, due to higher affinity for hemoglobin.
- Airway Thermal Burn: Supraglottic structures absorb heat, preventing lower airway burns. Injury common from steam. Risk factors include standing or being trapped in burn environments. Symptoms include stridor, singed hair, black sputum, and swelling.
Classification of Burns by Depth:
- Superficial (Epidermal): Involves only the epidermis.
- Partial-thickness: Involves the epidermis and portions of the dermis.
- Full-thickness: Extends through all layers of the dermis.
- Deep (Fourth-degree): Extends into underlying soft tissues (fascia, muscle, and/or bone).
Pathophysiology - Thermal Burns:
- Molecular Changes: Heat alters tissue's molecular structure, denaturing proteins.
- Damage Factors: Temperature, concentration of heat, and duration of contact determine burn extent.
- Jackson's Theory: Three zones: Coagulation (direct heat area), Stasis (decreasing blood flow), and Hyperemia (increased blood flow).
- Body's Response: Emergent (pain, catecholamine release, tachycardia), Fluid Shift (peak in 6-8 hours, fluid shift, inflammation, swelling), Hypermetabolic (days-weeks, large nutrient needs), and Resolution (scar formation, rehabilitation).
Signs and Symptoms: Pain, changes in skin condition, blisters, sloughing, hoarseness, dysphagia, dysphasia, burnt hair, edema, hemorrhage, other soft tissue injury, musculoskeletal injury, dyspnea, and chest pain.
Extent of Burn Injury: Thorough estimation of burn size is crucial for guiding therapy and transfer decisions. Percentage of body surface area (TBSA) is used.
Methods of Estimating Burn Injury Extent:
- Lund-Browder: The preferred method for children because it accounts for growth differences.
- Wallace Rule of Nines: A simpler method for adults, dividing the body into regions with fixed percentages.
Assessment of Thermal Burns (Initial): Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure.
Assessment Methods of Thermal Burns: Focused and rapid assessment of trauma, determine approximate burn extent using rule of nines or Lund-Browder charts, depth of burn, area of body affected. Special consideration for burns involving face, hands, feet, joints, or genitalia. Age matters.
Management of Thermal Burns (Minor): Local cooling (20 minutes of cool water immersion), analgesic administration, wound cleaning, and removal of foreign/non-viable tissues.
Management of Thermal Burns (Moderate-Severe): Dry sterile dressings, maintaining warmth to prevent hypothermia, aggressive fluid therapy (Parkland formula), IV placement in partial thickness areas, and preventative measures against infection.
Management of Thermal Burns (Inhalation): High-flow oxygen (non-rebreather mask), intubation if swelling is present, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy when appropriate.
Management of Electrical, Chemical, & Radiation Burns:
- Electrical: Safety first (turn off power), safety zone established, treatment of entrance and exit wounds, ECG monitoring, advanced cardiac life support protocols.
- Chemical: Thorough removal of chemical agents and skin, then flushing with water.
  - Radiation: Similar to the other burn types, focusing on the skin and associated effects, monitoring, and other complications.
Nursing Care - Evaluation (all types): ABC assessment, airway (stridor, accessory muscles), breath sounds, circulation (CVP, BP, pulse oximetry), fluids and electrolytes (renal function, urinary output), pain levels, presence of infections, nutritional needs (weight and ulcer management), multi-disciplinary care.

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Description

Test your understanding of burn injuries with this quiz, which covers definitions, mechanisms, classifications, and management strategies for burned patients. Be prepared to tackle questions on various aspects of burn pathophysiology and complications associated with burn injuries.