Burnout, Staleness, and Overtraining

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Define burnout.

A psychological syndrome of emotional and physical exhaustion; reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation.

Define staleness.

A general feeling of being tired, frustrated and 'fed up' that can lead to or come from overtraining.

Define overtraining.

Training beyond a level that is ideal for maximum benefits; maladaptive responses occur. It can lead to or come from burnout.

What are the three steps in the burnout cycle?

<ol> <li>Poor performance leads to more training.</li> <li>It becomes too late for a better balance of training and rest.</li> <li>Periods of rest lead to anxiety and an early return to training.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are three behavioural consequences of burnout related to the body?

<p>Increased injury and illness, sleeplessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three behavioural consequences of burnout related to the mind?

<p>Helplessness, negative mood, depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does burnout affect an athlete's mood state profile?

<p>The typical 'iceberg profile' of mood states disappears. Research shows the vigour subscale fell below norms in swimmers (Morgan et al., 1987), and the anger subscale was higher in elite athletes experiencing burnout (Murphy et al., 1990).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the performance-related consequence of burnout?

<p>Performance impairment occurs, contributing to a continued circular effect where poor performance may lead to inappropriate training responses, further exacerbating burnout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vigour subscale measure?

<p>Energy, alertness and enthusiasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some hormonal and cardiovascular consequences of overtraining?

<p>Hormonal changes include increased cortisol and decreased testosterone. Cardiovascular effects include a higher resting heart rate and blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some physical consequences of overtraining related to body composition?

<p>Loss of body weight and body fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by chronic muscle discomfort in the context of overtraining?

<p>A state characterized by the inability to train effectively, often leading to a reduction or cessation of training, introduced primarily so that training can eventually resume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the nature of staleness in sport.

<p>Staleness is typically a temporary, normal, and benign state that often occurs alongside performance plateau effects but can develop further into more serious conditions if not addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the emotional effects of staleness?

<p>Confusion, frustration, lethargy, boredom, embarrassment, and lowered motivation. Performance improvements do not occur despite attempts to improve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overtraining often occurs as a result of what preceding state?

<p>Staleness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might highly motivated performers and perfectionists be prone to overtraining?

<p>They often assume that more training is always the key to improving performance levels and may blame performance plateaus or dips on insufficient effort, even when this is groundless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three related terms describing stages of athlete distress in the typical order of progression.

<ol> <li>Staleness</li> <li>Overtraining</li> <li>Burnout</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is sport devaluation?

<p>A psychological detachment from sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does sport devaluation typically occur?

<p>It occurs when performance and training outcomes no longer concern the athlete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can sport devaluation cause an athlete to do or feel?

<p>It can cause athletes to judge their performance harshly and feel like they are not effective or accomplishing anything meaningful in their sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List reported physical symptoms or indicators that tend to increase with athlete burnout.

<p>Exhaustion, muscle soreness, colds/respiratory infections, resting heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cortisol levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List reported physical or physiological factors that tend to decrease with athlete burnout.

<p>Quality/duration of sleep, libido, appetite, body weight, aerobic power, muscle glycogen stores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Silva (1990) and Marshall (2003), what are common causes of burnout in athletes?

<p>Severe practice conditions, lack of recovery, lack of enjoyment, constant injury/illness, sport-life balance issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Silva (1990) and Marshall (2003), what are common symptoms of burnout in athletes?

<p>Loss of interest, extreme physical and emotional exhaustion, lack of caring, anger, tension, perceived overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the four main components of R.E. Smith's (1986) cognitive-affective model of stress and burnout.

<ol> <li>Situation</li> <li>Appraisal</li> <li>Physiologic response</li> <li>Coping &amp; task behaviours</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'appraisal' mean in the context of stress models?

<p>An assessment or evaluation; how an individual perceives or assesses a situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within Smith's cognitive-affective model, what situational factors can contribute to stress and burnout? (List 3)

<ol> <li>High or conflicting demands</li> <li>Insufficient recovery</li> <li>Low social support</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Within Smith's cognitive-affective model, what appraisal factors can contribute to stress and burnout? (List 3)

<ol> <li>Perceived lack of control</li> <li>Perceived lack of meaning and accomplishment</li> <li>Perceptions of increased overload</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Within Smith's cognitive-affective model, what are examples of physiologic responses indicative of stress? (List 5)

<p>Tension and anger, anxiety and depression, insomnia, fatigue, susceptibility to illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within Smith's cognitive-affective model, what are common coping and task behaviours associated with burnout? (List 3)

<ol> <li>Decreased performance</li> <li>Interpersonal difficulties</li> <li>Withdrawal from activity</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Empowerment Model of burnout?

<p>Coakley (1992).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea of Coakley's (1992) Empowerment Model of burnout?

<p>Burnout can stem from a social structure in youth sport that prevents young athletes from developing a desired separate identity from sport and feeling personal control over their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Empowerment Model, what does the lack of identity development and personal control lead to?

<p>Burnout and withdrawal from sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Investment Model related to sport commitment and burnout?

<p>Raedeke (2000).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe Raedeke's (2000) Investment Model in the context of sport burnout.

<p>The model considers factors like commitment, rewards, costs, satisfaction, investment size, and perceived alternatives. Depending on the balance of these factors, an athlete experiences enjoyable involvement or feels entrapped, which can lead to burnout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic steps in Fender's (1989) intervention for managing burnout?

<ol> <li>Increase self-awareness</li> <li>Take time off from the activity</li> <li>Use psychological strategies to inoculate (protect) against future problems</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Detail Step ONE (Increase self-awareness) of Fender's (1989) 3-step intervention.

<ol> <li>Encourage communication (with coaches, teammates, support staff).</li> <li>Monitor physical and psychological symptoms regularly.</li> <li>Use structured techniques like psychometric methods (e.g., POMS as used by Morgan et al., 1987) or self-report log books (Murphy, 1995).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Detail Step TWO (Take time off) of Fender's (1989) 3-step intervention.

<p>Take a few days off from the activity. This might mean a brief break for minor frustrations and irritation, or longer periods for addressing overtraining or potential withdrawal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Detail Step THREE (Use psychological strategies) of Fender's (1989) 3-step intervention.

<ol> <li>Use relaxation techniques for reversing the debilitating effects of stress.</li> <li>Implement goal setting, potentially focusing on the benefits of alternate activities during time off or adjusting training goals.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What three dimensions does the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) typically measure?

<p>Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (cynicism), and reduced personal achievement (inefficacy).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three dimensions does the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) measure?

<p>Emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)?

<p>Maslach &amp; Jackson (1986).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)?

<p>Raedeke &amp; Smith (2001).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three approaches or tools mentioned for measuring burnout risk in athletes?

<ol> <li>General assessment and monitoring (tracking symptoms, communication).</li> <li>Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).</li> <li>Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are three types of recovery recommendations for athletes?

<ol> <li>Physical recovery - focusing on physiological restoration.</li> <li>Medical recovery - addressing injury rehabilitation.</li> <li>Psychological recovery - emphasizing mental regeneration and stress reduction.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Define burnout and cite the source.

<p>A psychological syndrome of emotional and physical exhaustion; reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation (Raedeke, 1997).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define staleness.

<p>A general feeling of being tired, frustrated and 'fed up'. It can lead to or come from overtraining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define overtraining.

<p>Training beyond a level that is ideal for maximum benefits, leading to maladaptive responses. It can lead to/come from burnout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 3 steps in the burnout cycle?

<ol> <li>Poor performance leads an athlete to train more.</li> <li>It becomes too late for a better balance of training and rest.</li> <li>Periods of rest lead to anxiety and an early return to training.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 behavioural consequences of burnout related to the body?

<p>Increased injury and illness, sleeplessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 behavioural consequences of burnout related to the mind?

<p>Helplessness, negative mood, depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does burnout affect mood states, according to research by Morgan et al. (1987) and Murphy et al. (1990)?

<p>The typical 'iceberg profile' of mood states disappears. Research found the vigour subscale fell below norms in swimmers (Morgan et al., 1987), and the anger subscale was higher in elite athletes experiencing burnout (Murphy et al., 1990).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does burnout affect performance?

<p>Performance impairment occurs, but this can lead to a continued circular effect (e.g., training harder due to poor performance, worsening burnout).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vigour subscale measure?

<p>Energy, alertness and enthusiasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hormonal and heart-related consequences of overtraining?

<p>Hormonal changes include increased cortisol and decreased testosterone. Cardiovascular changes include higher resting heart rate and blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of overtraining related to body composition?

<p>Loss of body weight and body fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define chronic muscle discomfort in the context of overtraining.

<p>It refers to persistent muscle soreness indicating an inability to train effectively. Reduction or cessation of training is introduced only so training can eventually resume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the state of staleness in sport and when it typically occurs.

<p>Staleness is a temporary, normal, benign state that often occurs alongside performance plateau effects but can develop further if unaddressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the emotional effects of staleness?

<p>Confusion, frustration, lethargy, boredom, embarrassment, and lowered motivation. Improvements do not occur despite attempts to improve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overtraining often occurs as a result of _____

<p>staleness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does overtraining often happen, especially in highly motivated performers and perfectionists?

<p>They assume that more training is always the key to improving performance levels. Blaming poor performance solely on lack of effort may be groundless and lead to counterproductive increases in training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three related terms often discussed with burnout, in the typical order they might progress.

<ol> <li>Staleness</li> <li>Overtraining</li> <li>Burnout</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Define sport devaluation.

<p>A psychological detachment from sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does sport devaluation typically occur in an athlete?

<p>It occurs when performance and training outcomes no longer concern the athlete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects or outcomes of sport devaluation?

<p>It causes athletes to judge their performance harshly and can make them feel like they're not effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List physical symptoms reported by athletes that tend to increase with burnout.

<p>Exhaustion, muscle soreness, colds/respiratory infections, heart rate (HR)/blood pressure (BP), cortisol levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List physical or physiological factors reported by athletes that tend to decrease with burnout.

<p>Sleep quality/quantity, libido, appetite, body weight, aerobic power, muscle glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Silva (1990) and Marshall (2003), what are some common causes of burnout in athletes?

<p>Severe practice conditions, lack of recovery, lack of enjoyment, constant injury/illness, sport-life balance issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Silva (1990) and Marshall (2003), what are some common symptoms of burnout in athletes?

<p>Loss of interest, extreme physical and emotional exhaustion, lack of caring, anger, tension, perceived overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the 4 components of the cognitive-affective model of stress and burnout by R.E. Smith (1986).

<ol> <li>Situation</li> <li>Appraisal</li> <li>Physiologic response</li> <li>Coping &amp; task behaviours</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Define appraisal in the context of stress and burnout models.

<p>An assessment or evaluation. It is how you see or assess a situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith's cognitive-affective model, what are 3 situational factors contributing to stress/burnout?

<ol> <li>High or conflicting demands</li> <li>Insufficient recovery</li> <li>Low social support</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith's cognitive-affective model, what are 3 cognitive appraisal factors contributing to stress/burnout?

<ol> <li>Perceived lack of control</li> <li>Perceived lack of meaning and accomplishment</li> <li>Perceptions of increased overload</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith's cognitive-affective model, what are 5 physiological responses associated with stress/burnout?

<p>Tension and anger, anxiety and depression, insomnia, fatigue, susceptibility to illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Smith's cognitive-affective model, what are 3 resulting coping and task behaviours associated with stress/burnout?

<ol> <li>Decreased performance</li> <li>Interpersonal difficulties</li> <li>Withdrawal from activity</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Empowerment Model related to burnout?

<p>Coakley (1992)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the core concepts of Coakley's (1992) Empowerment Model of burnout.

<p>The model suggests burnout occurs when an athlete's desire to develop a separate identity from sport is not realised, and their desire to feel personal control over life is not realised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Coakley's (1992) Empowerment Model, what is the outcome when athletes' desires for identity and control are not realised?

<p>It leads to burnout and withdrawal from sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Investment Model related to burnout?

<p>Raedeke (2000)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the key factors considered in Raedeke's (2000) Investment Model regarding sport involvement and burnout.

<p>The model uses factors like commitment, rewards, costs, satisfaction, investment size, and perceived alternatives to explain whether involvement is enjoyed or leads to entrapment and burnout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly list Fender's (1989) 3-step intervention for addressing burnout.

<ol> <li>Increase self awareness</li> <li>Take time off from the activity</li> <li>Use psychological strategies to inoculate (protect) against future problems</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Step ONE of Fender's (1989) intervention (Increase self-awareness) and list 3 methods.

<p>Step one involves recognizing the signs and symptoms. Methods include: 1. Encourage communication (talking about feelings). 2. Monitor psychological symptoms. 3. Use structured techniques like psychometric measures (e.g., questionnaires) or self-report log books.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Step TWO of Fender's (1989) intervention (Take time off).

<p>This step involves taking a break from the sport activity. A few days off may suffice for minor frustrations, while longer periods are needed for overtraining or potential withdrawal/burnout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Step THREE of Fender's (1989) intervention (Use psychological strategies) and list 2 examples.

<p>Step three focuses on using mental skills to protect against future problems. Examples include: 1. Relaxation techniques for reversing debilitating effects (e.g., managing stress). 2. Goal setting, perhaps focusing on the benefits of alternate activities or structuring return to sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three dimensions does the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measure?

<p>Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (cynicism or detachment), and reduced personal achievement (feelings of incompetence).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three dimensions does the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) measure?

<p>Emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)?

<p>Maslach &amp; Jackson (1986)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)?

<p>Raedeke &amp; Smith (2001)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three ways burnout or the risk of burnout can be measured or assessed.

<ol> <li>General assessment and monitoring (e.g., observation, communication, log books).</li> <li>Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).</li> <li>Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are three types of recovery recommendations often given for burnout or overtraining?

<ol> <li>Physical - focusing on bodily restoration (e.g., rest, nutrition).</li> <li>Medical - addressing injury/illness rehabilitation.</li> <li>Psychological - promoting mental regeneration (e.g., stress management, relaxation).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Define burnout.

<p>A psychological syndrome of emotional and physical exhaustion; reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define staleness.

<p>A general feeling of being tired, frustrated, and 'fed up'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define overtraining.

<p>Training beyond a level that is ideal for maximum benefits; leading to maladaptive responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three steps in the burnout cycle?

<ol> <li>Poor performance leads to more training.</li> <li>It becomes too late for a better balance of training and rest.</li> <li>Periods of rest lead to anxiety and an early return to training.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physical behavioural consequences of burnout?

<p>Increased injury and illness, sleeplessness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the mental behavioural consequences of burnout?

<p>Helplessness, negative mood, depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does burnout affect mood states, according to studies?

<p>The typical 'iceberg profile' of mood states disappears. Studies found the vigour subscale fell below norms in swimmers (Morgan et al., 1987) and the anger subscale was higher in elite athletes (Murphy et al., 1990).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does burnout affect performance?

<p>Performance impairment occurs, contributing to a continued circular effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vigour subscale measure?

<p>Energy, alertness and enthusiasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hormonal and cardiovascular consequences of overtraining?

<p>Hormonal changes include increased cortisol and decreased testosterone. Cardiovascular changes include higher resting heart rate and blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the body composition consequences of overtraining?

<p>Loss of body weight and body fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic muscle discomfort in the context of overtraining?

<p>The inability to train effectively, where reduction or cessation of training is introduced only so training can eventually resume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe staleness in sport.

<p>It is a temporary, normal, benign state that often occurs alongside performance plateau effects but can develop further if not managed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the emotional effects of staleness?

<p>Confusion, frustration, lethargy, boredom, embarrassment, lowered motivation. Improvements do not occur despite attempts to improve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overtraining often occurs as a result of _____

<p>staleness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does overtraining often happen?

<p>Highly motivated performers and perfectionists assume that more training is the key to improving performance levels, potentially blaming lack of progress on insufficient effort, even if groundless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three related terms, often seen as progressive stages, in order.

<ol> <li>Staleness</li> <li>Overtraining</li> <li>Burnout</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is sport devaluation?

<p>A psychological detachment from sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does sport devaluation typically occur?

<p>When performance and training outcomes no longer concern the athlete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can sport devaluation cause an athlete to feel or do?

<p>Judge their performance harshly and feel like they are not effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List reported physical symptoms associated with burnout that tend to increase.

<p>Exhaustion, muscle soreness, colds/respiratory infections, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cortisol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List reported physical symptoms associated with burnout that tend to decrease.

<p>Sleep, libido, appetite, body weight, aerobic power, muscle glycogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Silva (1990) and Marshall (2003), what are some common causes of burnout in athletes?

<p>Severe practice conditions, lack of recovery, lack of enjoyment, constant injury/illness, sport-life balance issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Silva (1990) and Marshall (2003), what are some common symptoms of burnout in athletes?

<p>Loss of interest, extreme physical and emotional exhaustion, lack of caring, anger, tension, perceived overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the four components of R.E. Smith's (1986) cognitive-affective model of stress and burnout.

<ol> <li>Situation</li> <li>Appraisal</li> <li>Physiologic response</li> <li>Coping &amp; task behaviours</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'appraisal' mean in the context of stress and burnout models?

<p>An assessment or evaluation; how you see or assess a situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Smith's model, what factors fall under the 'Situation' component?

<p>High or conflicting demands, insufficient recovery, low social support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Smith's model, what factors fall under the 'Appraisal' component?

<p>Perceived lack of control, perceived lack of meaning and accomplishment, perceptions of increased overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Smith's model, what elements fall under the 'Physiologic Response' component?

<p>Tension and anger, anxiety and depression, insomnia, fatigue, susceptibility to illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Smith's model, what elements fall under the 'Coping & Task Behaviours' component?

<p>Decreased performance, interpersonal difficulties, withdrawal from activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Empowerment Model of burnout?

<p>Coakley (1992)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea of Coakley's Empowerment Model?

<p>Burnout occurs when an athlete's desire to develop a separate identity from sport is not realized, and their desire to feel personal control over life is not realized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Empowerment Model, what does the lack of identity development and personal control lead to?

<p>Burnout and withdrawal from sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the Investment Model related to burnout?

<p>Raedeke (2000)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors does the Investment Model consider regarding sport involvement?

<p>Commitment, rewards, costs, satisfaction, investment, and alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic steps in Fender's (1989) intervention for burnout?

<ol> <li>Increase self-awareness.</li> <li>Take time off from the activity.</li> <li>Use psychological strategies to inoculate against future problems.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Step ONE (Increase self-awareness) of Fender's intervention.

<p>Encourage communication, monitor psychological symptoms, and use structured techniques like psychometric methods (e.g., Morgan et al., 1987) or self-report log books (e.g., Murphy, 1995).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Step TWO (Take time off) of Fender's intervention.

<p>Take a few days off for minor frustrations and irritation, or longer periods for overtraining or potential withdrawal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Step THREE (Use psychological strategies) of Fender's intervention.

<p>Use relaxation techniques for reversing debilitating effects and employ goal setting to focus on the benefits of alternate activities or adjusted training.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three dimensions does the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measure?

<p>Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three dimensions does the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) measure?

<p>Emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Maslach Burnout Inventory?

<p>Maslach &amp; Jackson (1986)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire?

<p>Raedeke &amp; Smith (2001)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What methods can be used to measure or assess the risk of burnout in athletes?

<p>Assessment and monitoring, using tools such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three types of recovery recommendations for athletes?

<ol> <li>Physical recovery (restoration)</li> <li>Medical recovery (rehabilitation)</li> <li>Psychological recovery (regeneration)</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Burnout (Raedeke, 1997)

A psychological syndrome involving emotional and physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation.

Staleness

A general feeling of tiredness, frustration, and being 'fed up,' often stemming from or leading to overtraining.

Overtraining

Training beyond an optimal level, leading to maladaptive responses and potentially burnout.

Burnout Cycle Steps

  1. Poor performance leads to more training.
  2. Balance of training and rest is disrupted.
  3. Rest periods lead to anxiety and premature return to training.
Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout: Physical Consequences

Increased injuries/illness, sleeplessness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout: Mental Consequences

Helplessness, negative mood, depression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout: Mood Changes

The typical iceberg profile of mood states disappears. Vigor decreases, anger increases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout: Performance Impact

Performance suffers, creating a circular effect where decreased performance leads to more intense (but ineffective) training.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vigor Subscale Measures

Energy, alertness, and enthusiasm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overtraining: Hormonal & Cardiac

Increased cortisol (stress hormone), decreased testosterone. Higher resting heart rate and blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overtraining: Body Composition

Loss of body weight and body fat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Muscle Discomfort

Inability to train, requiring reduction or cessation of training for recovery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Staleness in Sport

A temporary state alongside performance plateaus that includes frustration. Can evolve into overtraining.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Staleness: Emotional Effects

Confusion, frustration, lethargy, boredom, embarrassment, lowered motivation; improvements do not occur despite efforts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overtraining Cause

staleness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why Overtraining Happens

Highly motivated performers incorrectly assume that more training is the key to performance improvement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout Order

  1. Staleness
  2. Overtraining
  3. Burnout
Signup and view all the flashcards

Sport Devaluation

A psychological detachment from sport.

Signup and view all the flashcards

When Sport Devaluation Occurs

When performance and training outcomes no longer concern the athlete.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sport Devaluation Effects

Harsh self-judgment of performance and feeling ineffective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout: Physical Symptoms (Increase)

Exhaustion, muscle soreness, frequent colds/respiratory infections, increased HR/BP and cortisol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout: Physical Symptoms (Decrease)

Decreased sleep, libido, appetite, body weight, aerobic power, and muscle glycogen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout Causes

Severe practice conditions, lack of recovery/enjoyment, constant injury/illness, and sport-life balance issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Burnout Symptoms

Loss of interest, extreme physical & emotional exhaustion, lack of caring, anger, tension, perceived overload.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive-Affective Model Factors (Smith, 1986)

  1. Situation
  2. Appraisal
  3. Physiologic response
  4. Coping & task behaviors
Signup and view all the flashcards

Appraisal Definition

An assessment or evaluation of a situation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Situation Factors

  1. High or conflicting demands
  2. Insufficient recovery
  3. Low social support
Signup and view all the flashcards

Appraisal Factors

  1. Perceived lack of control
  2. Perceived lack of meaning and accomplishment
  3. Perceptions of increased overload
Signup and view all the flashcards

Physiologic Response Factors

Tension and anger, anxiety and depression, insomnia, fatigue, susceptibility to illness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coping & Task Behaviors Factors

Decreased performance, interpersonal difficulties, withdrawal from activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empowerment Model Author

Coakley, 1992

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empowerment Model

Desire to develop a separate identity from sport and to feel personal control over life are not realized.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Empowerment Model Outcome

Burnout and withdrawal from sport.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Investment Model Author

Raedeke, 2000

Signup and view all the flashcards

Investment Model

Commitment, rewards, costs, satisfaction, investment, alternatives can lead to enjoyment or entrapment leading to burnout.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fender's 3-Step Intervention

  1. Increase self-awareness
  2. Take time off from the activity
  3. Use psychological strategies.
Signup and view all the flashcards

Fender's Step One

Encourage communication, monitor psychological symptoms, and use structured techniques.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fender's Step Two

A few days off for minor frustrations, longer periods for overtraining or potential withdrawal.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fender's Step Three

Use relaxation techniques to reverse debilitating effects and goal setting to focus on benefits of alternate activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Maslach Burnout Inventory

Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Athlete Burnout Questionnaire

Emotional exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, and sport devaluation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Maslach Burnout Inventory Author

Maslach & Jackson, 1986

Signup and view all the flashcards

Athlete Burnout Questionnaire Author

Raedeke & Smith, 2001

Signup and view all the flashcards

Can We Measure Burnout?

  1. Burnout is assessed and monitored
  2. Maslach Burnout Inventory
  3. Athlete Burnout Questionnaire
Signup and view all the flashcards

Recovery Recommendations

Physical (restoration), medical (rehabilitation), and psychological (regeneration).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Burnout is a psychological syndrome manifested by emotional and physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. (Raedeke, 1997)

  • Staleness is a general feeling of tiredness and frustration that can result from overtraining.

  • Overtraining is when training exceeds optimal levels, leading to maladaptive responses and potentially burnout.

Burnout Cycle

  • Poor performance leads to increased training.
  • A balanced approach to training and rest becomes unattainable.
  • Rest periods induce anxiety, causing a premature return to training.

Behavioral Consequences of Burnout - Physical

  • Increased risk of injury and illness
  • Sleeplessness

Behavioral Consequences of Burnout - Mental

  • Helplessness
  • Negative mood
  • Depression

Behavioral Consequences of Burnout - Mood

  • The typical "iceberg profile" of mood states disappears.
  • Vigour subscale scores (energy, alertness, enthusiasm) fall below norms, as observed in swimmers (Morgan et al., 1987).
  • Anger subscale scores are higher in elite athletes (Murphy et al., 1990).

Behavioral Consequences of Burnout - Performance

  • Performance is impaired, creating a circular effect of decline.

Overtraining Consequences - Hormonal and Cardiovascular

  • Hormonal changes include increased cortisol and decreased testosterone.
  • Higher resting heart rate and blood pressure are observed.

Overtraining Consequences - Physical

  • Loss of body weight and body fat occurs.

  • Chronic muscle discomfort from overtraining is the inability to train, but reduction or cessation of training introduced only so training can resume

  • Staleness in sport is a temporary, normal state that often accompanies performance plateaus, but can progress further.

  • Staleness is characterized by confusion, frustration, lethargy, boredom, embarrassment, and lowered motivation, with no improvements despite efforts.

  • Overtraining often stems from staleness.

  • Overtraining can happen when highly motivated and perfectionistic performers assume that excessive training is the sole key to improvement.

  • The progression of burnout-related conditions is: staleness, overtraining, and then burnout.

  • Sport devaluation is a psychological detachment from sport.

  • Sport devaluation arises when athletes no longer care about performance and training outcomes.

  • Sport devaluation causes harsh self-judgment and feelings of ineffectiveness.

  • Physical symptoms of burnout include increased exhaustion, muscle soreness, colds/respiratory infections, heart rate/blood pressure, and cortisol levels.

  • Physical symptoms of burnout include decreased sleep, libido, appetite, body weight, aerobic power, and muscle glycogen.

Causes of Burnout in Athletes (Silva, 1990; Marshall, 2003)

  • Severe practice conditions
  • Lack of recovery and enjoyment
  • Constant injury/illness
  • Sport-life balance issues

Symptoms of Burnout in Athletes (Silva, 1990; Marshall, 2003)

  • Loss of interest
  • Extreme physical and emotional exhaustion
  • Lack of caring
  • Anger, tension
  • Perceived overload

Cognitive-Affective Model of Stress and Burnout (R.E. Smith, 1986)

  • The model outlines the personality and motivational factors in 4 stages: situation, appraisal, physiologic response, coping and task behaviors

  • Appraisal refers to an assessment or evaluation of a situation.

Cognitive-Affective Model - Situation

  • High or conflicting demands
  • Insufficient recovery
  • Low social support

Cognitive-Affective Model - Appraisal

  • Perceived lack of control
  • Perceived lack of meaning and accomplishment
  • Perceptions of increased overload

Cognitive-Affective Model - Physiologic Response

  • Tension and anger
  • Anxiety and depression
  • Insomnia
  • Fatigue
  • Susceptibility to illness

Cognitive-Affective Model - Coping & Task Behaviors

  • Decreased performance
  • Interpersonal difficulties
  • Withdrawal from activity

Empowerment Model (Coakley, 1992)

  • Burnout results if there is an absence of desire to develop a separate identity from sport, and no desire to feel personal control over life.

  • When the desires are not realised, this leads to burnout and withdrawal from sport.

Investment Model (Raedeke, 2000)

  • Factors such as commitment, rewards, costs, satisfaction, investment, and alternatives influence enjoyment or lead to entrapment and burnout.

Fender's (1989) 3-Step Intervention

  • Increase self-awareness
  • Take time off from the activity
  • Use psychological strategies to inoculate against future problems

Fender's Intervention - Step One

  • Increase self awareness by encouraging communication, monitoring psychological symptoms, and using structured techniques like psychometric methods (Morgan et al., 1987) or self-report log books (Murphy, 1995).

Fender's Intervention - Step Two

  • Take time off from the activity; a few days for minor frustrations or longer periods for overtraining or potential withdrawal.

Fender's Intervention - Step Three

  • Use psychological strategies to inoculate against future problems, such as relaxation for reversing debilitating effects and goal setting for focusing on benefits of alternate activities.

  • The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986) measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement.

  • The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (Raedeke & Smith, 2001) measures emotional exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, and sport devaluation.

  • Burnout risk can be measured through assessment, monitoring, and questionnaires like the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire.

Recovery Recommendations

  • Physical includes restoration
  • Medical includes rehabilitation
  • Psychological includes regeneration

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser