Burn Injuries and Skin Anatomy

Epidermis = Highly vascular Dermis = Avascular Subcutaneous tissue = Consists of adipose tissue and fascia Stratum basale = Attached to dermis by basement membrane

Hair = Dermis Sweat glands = Epidermis Fat tissue = Dermis Nails = Epidermis

Dermis = Provides cushioning and insulation Epidermis = Responsible for fingerprints Subcutaneous tissue = Stores fat, which provides energy Stratum basale = Supports the skin

<p>Fascia = Loose connective tissue Adipose tissue = Highly fibrous connective tissue Blood vessels = Avascular Oil glands = Highly vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermis = 2-4 mm thick Dermis = 0.06 to 0.6 mm thick Subcutaneous tissue = Consists of two layers Stratum basale = Thickest portions on palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidermis = Consists of adipose tissue and fascia Dermis = Consists of two layers: papillary and reticular Subcutaneous tissue = Consists of five stratums Stratum basale = Has three appendages: hair, glands, and nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of coagulation = Characterized by erythema due to vasodilation and generally recovers within 7 to 10 days of injury Zone of stasis = Irreversible tissue loss due to coagulation of constituent proteins Zone of hyperemia = Characterized by coagulation, ischemia, and necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of coagulation = Complete tissue loss within 7 to 10 days of injury Zone of stasis = May recover with adequate perfusion and treatment Zone of hyperemia = Generally recovers within 7 to 10 days of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion = Process of widening and deepening of the original area of necrosis Coagulation = Characterized by erythema due to vasodilation and generally recovers within 7 to 10 days of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of coagulation = Maximum tissue damage Zone of stasis = Moderate cellular injury Zone of hyperemia = Severe cellular injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of coagulation = Unlikely to survive Zone of stasis = Unlikely to survive if adequate perfusion is not restored within 1 to 2 days Zone of hyperemia = Likely to survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone of coagulation = Outer edges of tissue affected by the burn injury Zone of stasis = Central necrotic region Zone of hyperemia = Outer edges of tissue affected by the burn injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flex shoulders to 90 degrees = Prevent pull on brachial plexus Use pillows = Support chest and abdomen Use towels = Support lower spine Use clavicle/shoulder strap = Prevent shoulder protraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Range of Motion Exercises = Improve joint mobility Mobility Training = Increase patient adherence Aerobic Exercise = Enhance overall patient function Therapeutic Exercises = Reduce anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foam wedges = Support sidelying position Airplane splints = Support elbow and forearm Hand cones = Improve wrist extension Bedside table = Support upper body during exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhalation injury = Long-term restrictive lung injury Wounds = Healing before commencing swimming Anxiety = Medication timing during exercises Pain = Medication timing during exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-calorie diet = Supports growth of healthy tissue Protein-rich diet = Counteracts hypermetabolic response Fat in the form of lipids = Maintains metabolic function Vitamins and trace minerals = Enhances immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walking = Improve cardiovascular function Cycling = Increase frequency of movement Jogging = Enhance overall patient function Swimming = Improve joint mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypermetabolic response = Increases metabolic rate in proportion to burn size Anabolic response = Promotes wound repair and immune response Hyperglycemic response = Impedes wound healing Inflammatory response = Negatively impacts survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immersion hydrotherapy = Reduce pain during exercises Active assisted exercises = Improve patient adherence Active exercises = Increase frequency of movement Purposeful activities = Enhance overall patient function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate calorie intake = Impedes wound healing Protein deficiency = Weakens immune response Fat deficiency = Impacts metabolic function Vitamin and mineral deficiency = Increases risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial stage = Parenteral nutrition Intermediate stage = Enteral nutrition via feeding tube Advanced stage = Oral nutrition with high-calorie diet Rehabilitation stage = Nutrition plan tailored to individual needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor wound healing = Increases risk of infection Impaired immune response = Prolongs hospital stay Malnutrition = Increases mortality rate Dehydration = Impedes rehabilitation progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleeding = 2nd degree superficial Loss of sensation = 3rd degree Redness and swelling = 1st degree burn White and leathery = 4th degree burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinprick test = Sensation Visual inspection = Colour and appearance Palpation = Bleeding X-ray = Not a valid method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major burn = Need for close monitoring Electrical burn = Risk of cardiac complications Inhalation injury = Risk of respiratory complications Burn of vital areas = Need for specialized care</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Singed nasal hairs = Upper airway injury Carbonaceous sputum = Lower airway injury Stridor = Acute airway obstruction Difficulty swallowing = Esophageal injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airway edema = 24 to 48 hours post-burn Loss of ciliary function = 12 to 24 hours post-burn Increased airway resistance = 48 to 72 hours post-burn Respiratory mucosa sloughing = 6 to 12 hours post-burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superficial partial thickness burn = 2nd degree superficial Deep partial thickness burn = 2nd degree deep Full thickness burn = 3rd degree Extensive burn = 4th degree</p> Signup and view all the answers