Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the skin anatomy layer with its characteristic:
Match the skin anatomy layer with its characteristic:
Epidermis = Highly vascular Dermis = Avascular Subcutaneous tissue = Consists of adipose tissue and fascia Stratum basale = Attached to dermis by basement membrane
Match the skin structure with its location:
Match the skin structure with its location:
Hair = Dermis Sweat glands = Epidermis Fat tissue = Dermis Nails = Epidermis
Match the skin anatomy layer with its function:
Match the skin anatomy layer with its function:
Dermis = Provides cushioning and insulation Epidermis = Responsible for fingerprints Subcutaneous tissue = Stores fat, which provides energy Stratum basale = Supports the skin
Match the skin structure with its type:
Match the skin structure with its type:
Match the skin anatomy layer with its thickness:
Match the skin anatomy layer with its thickness:
Match the skin anatomy layer with its composition:
Match the skin anatomy layer with its composition:
Match the following zones of burn injury with their characteristic features:
Match the following zones of burn injury with their characteristic features:
Match the following zones of burn injury with their potential outcomes:
Match the following zones of burn injury with their potential outcomes:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following zones of burn injury with the severity of tissue damage:
Match the following zones of burn injury with the severity of tissue damage:
Match the following zones of burn injury with the likelihood of tissue survival:
Match the following zones of burn injury with the likelihood of tissue survival:
Match the following zones of burn injury with their location:
Match the following zones of burn injury with their location:
Match the following positions with the corresponding benefit in sidelying:
Match the following positions with the corresponding benefit in sidelying:
Match the following exercises with their primary goal:
Match the following exercises with their primary goal:
Match the following equipment with their primary use:
Match the following equipment with their primary use:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding considerations:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding considerations:
Match the following nutritional requirements with their importance in burn recovery:
Match the following nutritional requirements with their importance in burn recovery:
Match the following exercises with their primary benefits:
Match the following exercises with their primary benefits:
Match the following physiological responses with their effects on burn patients:
Match the following physiological responses with their effects on burn patients:
Match the following techniques with their primary purpose:
Match the following techniques with their primary purpose:
Match the following nutrition-related consequences with their effects on burn patients:
Match the following nutrition-related consequences with their effects on burn patients:
Match the following stages of burn recovery with their nutritional requirements:
Match the following stages of burn recovery with their nutritional requirements:
Match the following burn-related complications with their consequences:
Match the following burn-related complications with their consequences:
Match the following signs and symptoms with the type of burn injury:
Match the following signs and symptoms with the type of burn injury:
Match the following methods with the assessment of burn depth:
Match the following methods with the assessment of burn depth:
Match the following criteria with the indication for hospital admission:
Match the following criteria with the indication for hospital admission:
Match the following signs and symptoms with the diagnosis of smoke inhalation:
Match the following signs and symptoms with the diagnosis of smoke inhalation:
Match the following characteristics with the time period of critical concern for patients with inhalation injuries:
Match the following characteristics with the time period of critical concern for patients with inhalation injuries:
Match the following types of burns with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following types of burns with their corresponding descriptions:
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Study Notes
Burn Injuries in Egypt
- Burn injuries represent a major problem in Egypt, but the exact number of burns is difficult to determine.
Skin Anatomy
- The skin consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis).
- Epidermis:
- Outer layer of the skin
- Avascular (no blood vessels)
- Thickness: 0.06-0.6 mm
- Consists of 5 stratums
- Has three appendages: hair, glands, and nails
- Dermis:
- Inner layer of skin
- Highly vascular (has blood vessels)
- Thickness: 2-4 mm
- Consists of two layers: papillary dermis (thin and superficial) and reticular dermis (deeper and makes up 80% of dermal thickness)
- Contains blood vessels, oil glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, fat tissue, nerves, and connective tissue
- Subcutaneous tissue (Hypodermis):
- Supports the skin
- Consists of adipose tissue and fascia
- Adipose tissue: highly vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat, providing energy, cushioning, and insulation
- Fascia: highly fibrous connective tissue that separates and surrounds structures, facilitating movement between adjacent structures
Burn Zones
- Local effect of burn injury involves 3 zones:
- Zone of coagulation: point of maximum damage, characterized by coagulation, ischemia, and necrosis
- Zone of stasis: area of cellular injury and compromised tissue perfusion, with red blood cells and platelets aggregating to form microemboli
- Zone of hyperemia: outer edges of tissue affected by the burn, characterized by erythema due to vasodilation, with minimal cellular injury and generally recovering within 7-10 days
Depth of Burn
- Assessed subjectively through characteristics of the burn, including:
- Sensation (pinprick test)
- Color and appearance
- Bleeding
- Types of burns:
- 1st degree: superficial and minimal cellular injury
- 2nd degree:
- Superficial: minimal cellular injury and blistering
- Deep: partial thickness and may require surgical intervention
- 3rd degree: full thickness and usually requires surgical intervention
- 4th degree: involves deeper tissues and structures
Smoke Inhalation
- Signs and symptoms:
- Burns to the head and neck
- Singed nasal hairs, darkened oral and nasal membranes, carbonaceous sputum
- Stridor, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing
- History of being burned in an enclosed space
- Exposure to flame
- Critical period: 24-48 hours post-burn, with increased airway resistance and respiratory mucosa sloughing
Triage
- Decision-making about admission of patient to hospital or discharge
- Patient should be admitted to hospital in cases of:
- Major burn
- Electrical or chemical burn
- Inhalation injury
- Burn of vital areas (face, hand, foot, and genitalia)
Rehabilitation
- Importance of nutrition in burn recovery
- Patients require a diet high in calories and protein to counteract hypermetabolic response and support growth of healthy tissue
- Burn patient's metabolic rate increases in proportion to the size of the injury
- Patients require fat in the form of lipids, vitamins, and trace minerals
- Inadequate nutrition can negatively impact immune response, wound healing, metabolic function, and survival
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