29 Questions
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the disease described?
High fever
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in young children?
Rotavirus
How is the diagnosis of the disease usually made?
PCR-based test on stool
What is the important property of reoviruses, including rotavirus, mentioned in the text?
Double-stranded RNA genome
In which patients can a prolonged infection occur?
Immunocompromised patients
What is the recommended treatment for dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea?
Intravenous fluids
What term is used to describe the genome of some bunyaviruses?
Ambisense
Which virus in the bunyavirus family is named after a place in Africa where it was isolated?
Bunyamwera virus
What type of RNA genome does Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) possess?
Single-stranded, negative-polarity RNA
What makes Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) a defective virus?
It cannot replicate without hepatitis B virus present in the same cell
What is the main symptom caused by viruses belonging to the bunyavirus family?
Encephalitis
What is the main mode of prevention for influenza?
Administering the annual vaccine
Which drugs are strains of H5N1 avian influenza sensitive to?
Oseltamivir and zanamivir
How do Relenza and Tamiflu differ in their administration?
Relenza is inhaled while Tamiflu is taken orally
How soon must antiviral drugs be administered to be effective as treatment?
Within 48 hours of symptom onset
What is true about strains of influenza virus resistant to zanamivir and oseltamivir?
They are rare or uncommon
What is the term used to describe viruses that infect cells without causing significant cell damage or death?
Abortive productive
What is the composition of the annual influenza vaccine?
Two A strains and one B strain
Which category of host defense mechanisms includes interferon and natural killer cells?
Nonspecific immunity
How do retroviruses generally exit the host cell after replication?
By budding
What is the characteristic of viruses that cause transformation in cells?
Transformed cells have properties similar to tumor cells
Which type of virus infection is characterized by a block in one stage of replication due to the absence of essential cellular functions?
Abortive non-productive
In what manner do some viruses remain in a host as latent infections?
Only in the form of their genome with limited gene expression
What is thought to be the primary cause of watery diarrhea in rotavirus infection?
Stimulation of the enteric nervous system
How does immunity against rotavirus infection likely work?
Intestinal IgA directed against specific serotypes
What protects newborns up to the age of 6 months from rotavirus infection?
Colostrum IgA
What is the characteristic clinical finding of rotavirus infection in young children?
Nausea, vomiting, and watery, nonbloody diarrhea
Which laboratory method can be used to detect rotavirus in the stool?
Radioimmunoassay or ELISA
What is the main component of the live rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) approved by the FDA in 2006?
Outer surface protein
Test your knowledge on bunyaviruses containing ambisense RNA in their genome, including their unique characteristics and examples like bunyamwera virus. Explore related viruses such as hantaviruses and deltaviruses.
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