Bunyaviridae and California Encephalitis Virus Group Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the main structural components of Bunyaviridae particles?

  • M, G1, and NSm proteins
  • NSs, NSm, and L protein
  • L, M, and S RNAs (correct)
  • G1 and G2 glycoproteins

    • Which genus of the Bunyaviridae supergroup is carried by rodents?

  • Bunyavirus
  • Nairovirus
  • Hantavirus (correct)
  • Phlebovirus

    • What is a distinguishing feature of Bunyaviridae compared to other negative-strand RNA viruses?

  • Enclosed double-stranded RNA genome
  • Circular genome segments
  • No glycoproteins in the viral envelope
  • Presence of matrix protein (correct)

    • Where was the tick-borne Heartland phlebovirus discovered in 2012?

    <p>United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of clinical illness caused by arenaviruses?

    <p>Vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is prevalent in patients with Lassa fever?

    <p>Pharyngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an arenavirus infection usually diagnosed?

    <p>Serologic and genomic findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are arenaviruses considered too dangerous for isolation?

    <p>Because they pose a high risk of infection to laboratory workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can rodent-borne arenavirus infections be prevented?

    <p>Improving hygiene to limit contact with mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate biosafety level for processing samples submitted for arenavirus isolation?

    <p>Level 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mosquitoes in spreading viruses of the California encephalitis virus group?

    <p>Spreading aggressive day-biting Aedes triseriatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission for hantaviruses?

    <p>Inhalation of aerosolized rodent urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season did the deadly outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occur in the Four Corners area of New Mexico?

    <p>Spring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of encephalitis caused by viruses like La Crosse virus?

    <p>Headache and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region has experienced outbreaks of respiratory tract disease caused by viruses of the Sin Nombre subfamily?

    <p>Central and South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom seen in hemorrhagic fevers like Rift Valley fever?

    <p>Hematemesis (vomiting blood)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory diagnostic method is commonly used to detect bunyaviruses?

    <p>Molecular detection using RT-PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preventing human diseases caused by the Bunyaviridae family?

    <p>Interrupting contact between humans and the vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic helps differentiate Bunyaviridae infections from other viral illnesses?

    <p>Mild nonspecific febrile illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) outbreak occur in the Four Corners area of New Mexico?

    <p>Increased rainfall and rodent population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of encephalitis caused by viruses like La Crosse virus?

    <p>Seizures in 50% of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of hemorrhagic fevers like hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)?

    <p>Petechial rash, systemic hemorrhagic disease, kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the genera of Bunyaviridae from each other?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Bunyaviridae replicate?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the virus internalized by cells after interacting with β-integrins?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the G1 glycoprotein in Bunyaviridae replication?

    <p>Interacts with β-integrins on cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bunyaviruses prime the synthesis of viral mRNAs?

    <p>Steal 5′-capped portion of mRNAs in endosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle synthesizes and glycosylates Bunyavirus glycoproteins?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Bunyavirus virions released from cells?

    <p>Through exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pathogenic mechanism shared between Bunyaviridae and togaviruses/flaviviruses?

    <p>Transmission by arthropod vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the transmission of hantaviruses among humans?

    <p>By breathing aerosols contaminated with infected urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection do hantaviruses cause in rodents?

    <p>Chronic asymptomatic infection leading to long-term viral shedding in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of hantaviruses on endothelial cells?

    <p>Cause vascular permeability and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most bunyaviruses spread among animals in their life cycle?

    <p>Transmitted by infected mosquitoes, ticks, or flies to rodents, birds, and larger animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are arthropod vectors controlled?

    <p>By eliminating growth conditions for the vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average incubation period for arenavirus infections?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do arenaviruses acquire their envelope?

    <p>By budding from the plasma membrane of host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is NOT mentioned as a location where arenaviruses are found?

    <p>North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the S strand in arenaviruses encode for?

    <p>Nucleoprotein and glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of spread for arenaviruses to humans?

    <p>Contact with infected secretions or body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) is correct?

    <p><strong>Meningitis</strong> is a typical clinical event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average incubation period for arenavirus infections?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do arenaviruses acquire their envelope?

    <p>By budding from the plasma membrane of host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region is NOT mentioned as a location where arenaviruses are found?

    <p>North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the S strand in arenaviruses encode for?

    <p>Nucleoprotein and glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of spread for arenaviruses to humans?

    <p>Contact with infected secretions or body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) is correct?

    <p>Meningitis is a typical clinical event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Junin and Machupo viruses cause similar syndromes to Lassa fever in which region?

    <p>Argentina and Bolivia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary body site affected by parasites causing human infections?

    <p>Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of motility is associated with Flagellates (Mastigophora)?

    <p>Flagellate motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Amoebiasis diagnosed?

    <p>Detection of cysts in feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism requires eosinophils to kill due to its multicellular nature?

    <p>Helminths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is responsible for Giardiasis?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission for Balantidiasis?

    <p>Ingestion of cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does infection by Intestinal Sporozoa primarily occur?

    <p>Intestinal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic method for Urogenital Flagellate infections?

    <p>Trophozites in CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Naegleria fowleri?

    <p>Amoebic meningoencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main vector for African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?

    <p>Tsetse fly, West Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of Leishmania causes the most severe visceral disease?

    <p>Leishmania donovanii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Babesiosis?

    <p>Easily confused with malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary host for Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Cat family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Plasmodium spp.?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which host does sporogony occur in Intestinal Sporozoa?

    <p>Human definitive host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which life stage is found in blood plasma in Trypanosoma infections?

    <p>Trypomastigote</p> Signup and view all the answers

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