Building Structures and Materials Quiz

Frame, Shell, Mass, Combined

Plywood, Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), Glulam, Particleboard, Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

A binder is a substance that holds or binds other materials together. Two types of binding materials are hydraulic binders (e.g. cement) and non-hydraulic binders (e.g. lime). The difference lies in their ability to set and harden in the presence of water.

Reinforced concrete is concrete in which steel reinforcement is embedded. Its advantages over plain concrete include increased tensile strength, improved resistance to cracking, and enhanced durability.

The most important property of hardened concrete is compressive strength, while workability is crucial for fresh/liquid concrete. Compressive strength is crucial for structural integrity, and workability affects the ease of handling and placing concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms are allowed shapes for mechanical tests. Hazards to the durability of concrete include chemical attack, freeze-thaw cycles, abrasion, alkali-aggregate reaction, and corrosion of reinforcement.

The purpose of concrete cover is to protect the reinforcing steel from corrosion and fire, and factors considered for its design include environmental conditions, exposure to aggressive substances, and structural requirements.

The appropriate thickness of concrete cover is ensured on a construction site by following the specifications provided in the design drawings and using proper formwork and spacers during construction.

The advantages of using steel bars in reinforced concrete include high tensile strength, ductility, and the ability to control and minimize cracking in concrete structures.

Reinforcing is placed at the bottom of the beam, where it experiences tension during loading.

Plastics are synthetic materials made from polymers and are divided into thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Some properties of plastics include low density, resistance to corrosion, and electrical insulation.

Soil is distinguished based on grain size into gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Grain size is tested using methods such as sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis.

Shallow foundations transfer loads to the soil near the surface, while deep foundations transfer loads to deeper, more competent soil or rock layers.

Two kinds of pile foundations are friction piles and end-bearing piles. Friction piles transfer loads to the soil along the sides of the pile, while end-bearing piles transfer loads to a firm stratum at the bottom.

The types of walls depending on their function include retaining walls, sound barriers, load-bearing walls, and partition walls.

A partition wall is a non-load-bearing wall that divides the interior space, while a load-bearing wall supports the structure's vertical loads.

A curtain wall is an exterior wall that does not support the load of the building. The functions of a roof include protection from weather, insulation, and supporting equipment. Four types of roof shapes are gable, hip, mansard, and flat.

Three types of insulation used in civil engineering are thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, and moisture insulation. Possible causes of problems with moisture in buildings include leaks, condensation, and inadequate ventilation.

Obligatory thermal insulation is provided to reduce heat transfer, improve energy efficiency, and maintain indoor comfort. Thermal bridging occurs when a conductive material creates a path for heat flow through an insulated assembly, for example, metal studs in a wall assembly.

This question is not applicable in this context.