Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following types of rocks can be easily split along a definite direction?
Which of the following types of rocks can be easily split along a definite direction?
- Igneous rocks of volcanic origin
- Foliated or laminated rocks (correct)
- Unstratified rocks
- Sedimentary rocks
What is the main characteristic of Sedimentary rocks?
What is the main characteristic of Sedimentary rocks?
- They have a compact granular structure
- They have a tendency to split along a definite direction
- They are hard and durable
- They have distinct layers of stratification (correct)
Which of the following rocks is an example of an Unstratified rock?
Which of the following rocks is an example of an Unstratified rock?
- Granite (correct)
- Laterite
- Limestone
- Sandstone
What is the main content of Silicious rocks?
What is the main content of Silicious rocks?
Which of the following rocks cannot withstand shock?
Which of the following rocks cannot withstand shock?
What is the characteristic structure of Unstratified rocks?
What is the characteristic structure of Unstratified rocks?
What is the primary factor that determines the building type and choice of building material?
What is the primary factor that determines the building type and choice of building material?
Which of the following is NOT a role of building materials in architecture?
Which of the following is NOT a role of building materials in architecture?
What is the significance of building materials in terms of structural importance?
What is the significance of building materials in terms of structural importance?
How do building materials contribute to the concept of ‘building materials’ in architecture?
How do building materials contribute to the concept of ‘building materials’ in architecture?
What is the relationship between building materials and the technique of construction?
What is the relationship between building materials and the technique of construction?
What is the role of building materials in tracing the evolution of the art of construction?
What is the role of building materials in tracing the evolution of the art of construction?
What is the primary reason for placing stone in walls with layers at right angles to the face of the wall?
What is the primary reason for placing stone in walls with layers at right angles to the face of the wall?
In the case of arches, how should the bedding plane be placed?
In the case of arches, how should the bedding plane be placed?
What is the primary factor that affects the cost of stone?
What is the primary factor that affects the cost of stone?
What is the minimum crushing strength of stone required for ordinary building works?
What is the minimum crushing strength of stone required for ordinary building works?
In what type of structures should the maximum stress developed in the stone not exceed 1/10th the crushing strength of the stone?
In what type of structures should the maximum stress developed in the stone not exceed 1/10th the crushing strength of the stone?
What is the purpose of keeping the natural bed of the stone vertical in cornices and strong courses?
What is the purpose of keeping the natural bed of the stone vertical in cornices and strong courses?
What is the minimum fracture quality of stone that should be accepted?
What is the minimum fracture quality of stone that should be accepted?
Which test is used to determine the presence of soluble matter in the stone?
Which test is used to determine the presence of soluble matter in the stone?
What is the process of extracting suitable stones from their natural rock beds or layers called?
What is the process of extracting suitable stones from their natural rock beds or layers called?
What is the purpose of the Attrition Test?
What is the purpose of the Attrition Test?
Which test is used to determine the percentage of porosity by volume, density, S.G, and saturation coefficient of the stone?
Which test is used to determine the percentage of porosity by volume, density, S.G, and saturation coefficient of the stone?
What is the term for the site from where stones are excavated?
What is the term for the site from where stones are excavated?
What is the primary reason for seasoning of stones?
What is the primary reason for seasoning of stones?
What is the main component of quarry sap?
What is the main component of quarry sap?
Why are stones dressed soon after quarrying?
Why are stones dressed soon after quarrying?
What is the recommended duration for exposing stones to open air for full hardening?
What is the recommended duration for exposing stones to open air for full hardening?
What is the purpose of keeping the store-house key in safe custody?
What is the purpose of keeping the store-house key in safe custody?
What is the primary tool used for dressing of stones?
What is the primary tool used for dressing of stones?
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Study Notes
Importance of Building Materials in Architecture and Engineering
- Building materials form an integral part of the field of architecture, determining the type and form of structure, enhancing aesthetic quality, and establishing a relationship between visual quality and structural stability.
- Building materials help to: • Select the appropriate technique of construction • Provide character and visual appeal to the structure • Decipher the time and era of construction of a building • Trace the evolution of the art of construction • Mix aesthetic elements with practicality • Highlight the theme and concept of design of the building project • Determine the budget of building projects • Establish a relationship between quantity and quality
Classification of Rocks
- Physical Classification: • Stratified Rocks (e.g., Breccia, Conglomerates, Dolomite, Gypsum, Sandstone, Limestone, Chalk, Clay Slate, and Shale) • Unstratified Rocks (e.g., Granite, Basalt) • Foliated or Laminated Rocks (e.g., Metamorphic Rocks)
- Chemical Classification: • Silicious Rocks (e.g., Granite, Quartzite, Trap, Basalt, Sandstones) • Argillaceous or Clayey Rocks (e.g., Laterite, Slate, Porphyry) • Calcareous Rocks
Natural Bed of Stone and Stone Characteristics
- Natural Bed of Stone: • In case of arches, the bedding plane should be radial and at right angles to the face of the arch. • In case of cornices and strong courses, natural bed of the stone should be kept vertical.
- Stone Characteristics: • General Structure • Fineness of Grains • Compactness • Durability • Strength • Hardness • Weight • Percentage of wear • Appearance • Ease in dressing or working • Porosity & absorption • Toughness
Tests of Stone
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- Smith's Test: to find out the presence of soluble matter in the stone
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- Freezing and Thawing Test: to observe the effect of freezing and thawing on stone
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- Acid Test: to assess the weathering qualities of sandstone
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- Water Absorption Test: to determine % absorption, porosity, density, S.G., and saturation coefficient
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- Impact Test: to find out the toughness of the stone
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- Attrition Test: to assess the resisting power of the stone against grinding or rubbing action
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- Crushing Test: to find out the compressive strength of the stone
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- Hardness Test: to find out the hardness of the stone
Stone Quarrying and Seasoning
- Stone Quarrying: the process of extraction of suitable stones from their natural rock beds or layers
- Seasoning of Stones: • Freshly quarried stones have natural moisture known as Quarry Sap • Drying of the stone from quarry sap is known as Seasoning of the Stone • Stones are seasoned before they are used in structural work to achieve full hardening
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