Ch 22 pg 552-555 Building Collapse Indicators Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of examining a building's structure and surrounding circumstances?

  • To determine the historical significance of the building
  • To assess the architectural style of the building
  • To prevent being caught in a potential collapse (correct)
  • To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the structure

Which of the following is NOT considered an indication of a building losing its structural integrity?

  • Noises indicating movement
  • Unusual settling conditions
  • Visible cracks in walls
  • Increased foot traffic around the building (correct)

What type of conditions might signal that a building is struggling against gravity?

  • Changes in the building's color
  • Physical indicators like cracks or noises (correct)
  • Sounds from nearby wildlife
  • Unusual air pressure changes

What should be done if cracks in walls begin to expand during an operation?

<p>Evacuate immediately due to the risk of structural failure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies that there may be a more serious issue if water runoff is just a trickle from the front door?

<p>The structure is likely experiencing internal problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cracks or bulges in walls is correct?

<p>They can be a sign of weakness that develops over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered a prime indicator of potential floor collapse?

<p>Heavy equipment and water-absorbent stock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should withdrawal of forces be considered during firefighting operations?

<p>When heavy fire is obvious for more than 20 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 20-minute time frame refer to when assessing fire situations?

<p>It starts when the fire reaches an open, flaming stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the presence of certain businesses occupying a building?

<p>They can contribute to unusually heavy floor loads. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which construction type poses a more significant risk than truss construction in the context of structural collapse?

<p>Structures containing explosives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should trigger a careful examination for signs of possible collapse?

<p>Multiple indicators viewed as a whole. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical indication that safety may already be compromised during a fire incident?

<p>Obvious movement of floors, walls, or roofs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indicator of potential collapse?

<p>Recent remodeling with updated codes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to recognizing the danger level of a fire before a structural failure occurs?

<p>Duration and extent of the fire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when recognizing fire hazards?

<p>Noticing earlier warning signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sound is most indicative of movement occurring in a wood building?

<p>Creaking or groaning sounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon might indicate that subtle movement is taking place within a structure?

<p>Presence of plaster dust in untouched areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific structural movement can cause distortion in door and window frames?

<p>Subtle shifting of the building structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of an orderly withdrawal process during a collapse scenario?

<p>It provides time to account for all members and their safety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is appropriate for communicating an emergency evacuation to those without radios?

<p>Activating all audible warning devices on the fireground. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using audible warning devices during an emergency evacuation?

<p>They may drown out other critical sounds or messages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should the Incident Commander take if a unit does not acknowledge the evacuation order?

<p>Immediately dispatch a team to locate the missing members. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an emergency evacuation, what is the immediate action members are instructed to take?

<p>Withdraw and rejoin their companies and prepare for a roll call. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an implication of water or smoke seeping through a solid brick wall?

<p>It suggests a failure of the wall construction due to pressure buildup. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation might indicate that a roof is pulling away from the wall?

<p>Gaps in roofing material at the wall joint. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should one respond to a roof that is sagging or feeling abnormally soft?

<p>Evacuate the endangered area and seek immediate help. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can make sponginess in a roof potentially natural?

<p>The type of roof, especially inverted roofs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors should be evaluated when assessing the condition of a spongy roof?

<p>The type of roof and the duration of fire presence beneath it. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Building collapse indicators

Signs or observations that suggest a building is at risk of collapse. These include physical damage, unusual noises or conditions.

Heavy occupancy

Certain businesses with heavy equipment or materials that can overload floors, potentially leading to collapse.

Truss construction risk

Structures with truss construction, such as supermarkets and bowling alleys, can be especially vulnerable, particularly in fire situations.

Lightweight materials risk

Materials like particle board I-beams can rapidly deteriorate in fires, increasing collapse risk.

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Overloaded floors

When floors are carrying more weight than they are designed for. An indicator of collapse risk.

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Long fire duration

A prolonged fire (more than 20 minutes without progress) can lead to collapse.

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Timely evaluation

The assessment of the building structure should be in real time and adaptable to rapidly changing conditions.

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Water runoff issues

Reduced water flow from a building can signal serious internal water damage, indicative of structural problems and collapse risk.

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Cracks/Bulges

Signs of structural weakness; expanding cracks are a serious risk and indicate a need to evacuate.

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Roof indicators

Water or smoke seeping through walls implies internal pressure buildup, roof separation suggests failure risk, sagging indicates imminent collapse risk.

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Movement indicators

Noticeable movement in any part of the building (floors, walls, roofs) is a clear signal of imminent collapse.

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Noises as warnings

Sounds like creaking, groaning, or rumbling can precede a structural collapse.

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Plaster indicators

Sliding plaster or dust accumulation, particularly in wood-frame buildings, indicates structural movement.

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Collapse zones

Established areas of potential collapse, requiring systematic and coordinated evacuation.

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Emergency evacuation

Prioritize safety over equipment during an emergency evacuation; rapid exit is paramount.

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Post-evacuation procedures

Ensure everyone has left safely by confirming everyone's presence following an evacuation.

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Audible signal cautions

While audible signals help with evacuations potentially drown out critical sounds indicating structural instability.

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Study Notes

Collapse Indicators Overview

  • Continuous examination of a building's structure is essential to avoid collapse.
  • Indicators of potential collapse include physical signs like cracks, unusual noises, and observed conditions such as overly loaded floors.

Problematic Occupancy

  • Certain businesses, such as plumbing supply stores and appliance dealerships, contribute to heavy floor loads.
  • Occupancies with truss construction, such as supermarkets and bowling alleys, can be red flags.
  • Recognizing potential threats from occupancy types is important for assessing collapse risk.

Construction Concerns

  • Truss construction poses significant risks, particularly in fires.
  • Lightweight materials, like particle board I-beams, require careful observation due to rapid deterioration under fire.
  • The focus of individuals involved in construction often leans toward financial interests rather than firefighter safety.

Overloaded Floors

  • Regular monitoring of floor loading is critical; heavy items can signal collapse risk.

Duration of Fire

  • If heavy fire persists for more than 20 minutes without significant progress, withdrawal should be considered.
  • Key indicators include reports from firefighting personnel regarding the fire's status.

Time Limits

  • Evaluation timelines should depend on real-time observations, with the potential for quicker evacuation if conditions worsen.

Water Runoff

  • Limited water flow from the building may indicate significant internal issues, necessitating investigation to prevent collapse.

Signs of Structural Weakness

  • Cracks or Bulges: Indicate weakness; expanding cracks require timely evacuation.
  • Roof Indicators:
    • Water or smoke seeping through walls suggests internal pressure buildup.
    • Roof separation from walls can indicate structural failure risk.
    • Sagging roofs demand immediate evacuation as they are late-stage warning signs.

Movement Indicators

  • Noticeable movement in floors, walls, or roofs often signifies imminent collapse.

Noises as Warning Signs

  • Sounds like creaking, groaning, and deep rumbling can precede collapse events.

Plaster Indicators

  • Sliding plaster or dust accumulation may signal structural movement, especially in wood-frame buildings.

Establishing Collapse Zones

  • Upon identifying collapse potential, the Incident Commander (IC) must coordinate a systematic evacuation.
  • Communication is vital; all units should confirm receipt of evacuation orders.
  • Alternative signaling methods, like activating audible alarms, can aid in informing personnel of emergencies.

Emergency Evacuation Protocols

  • In an emergency, members must prioritize safety over equipment, opting for rapid exit.
  • Post-evacuation, personnel should regroup and prepare for roll call to ensure completeness of withdrawal.

Cautions for Audible Signals

  • While audible warnings aid evacuation, they may drown out critical sounds indicating structural instability.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential indicators of potential building collapse, including physical signs and occupancy concerns. It highlights the risks associated with different types of construction and the significance of monitoring floor loads. Understanding these concepts is crucial for maintaining structural safety and preventing disasters.

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