Buccal and Sublingual Tablets Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which manufacturing process allows for the granulation and drying of a product in a single piece of equipment?

Dry granulation

Direct compression

Wet granulation

Fluid bed granulation (correct)

Which of the following substances can be directly compressed into tablets without the need for granulation?

Aqueous solutions

Crystalline or granular substances like NaCl (correct)

Hydrocolloids

Binder substances

During the process of tablet manufacturing by direct compression, what is the first stage?

Mixing of the therapeutic agent with excipients

Drying the granulated product

Granulation with a liquid binder

Premilling of formulation components (correct)

What is the purpose of using a liquid binder in the fluid bed granulation process?

To facilitate the granulation process Signup and view all the answers

Which method of tablet manufacturing does not require granulation?

Direct compression Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of using effervescent tablets?

They mask taste effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable limitation of dispensing tablets?

Water quality can affect their sterility. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of hypodermic tablets makes them unsuitable for current use?

They can lead to non-sterility. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tablet is defined as being small, cylindrical, and potentially fragile?

Tablet triturates Signup and view all the answers

What describes the main use of vaginal tablets?

To treat infections or release steroids. Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is commonly used in the formulation of effervescent tablets?

Citric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor to consider when using dispensing tablets?

They require a known quality of water for effectiveness. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the formulation of compressed tablets?

An inert substance to aid in production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of buccal and sublingual tablets?

They avoid first pass metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

How should buccal or sublingual tablets ideally dissolve?

Slowly over a period of 15-30 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a limitation of buccal and sublingual tablets?

Bitter or foul-tasting drugs cannot be used. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of troches and lozenges?

To provide local effects in the mouth and throat. Signup and view all the answers

What materials are commonly used in dental cones?

Amino acids and NaCl. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of implantation tablets?

To offer a prolonged drug effect. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines lozenges in comparison to troches?

Lozenges are made with a flavored hard candy base. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safety concern associated with implantation tablets?

They may cause tissue toxicity at the implantation site. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the feed throat play in the process of manufacturing tablets by direct compression?

It introduces material on a tangential path to the comminuting chamber. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of excipients used in direct compression?

Expensive Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential disadvantage of using diluents in tablet manufacturing by direct compression?

They may reduce the uniformity of the drug in the tablets. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lubricants is commonly used in the direct compression process?

Magnesium stearate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of granulation used when manufacturing tablets without adding moisture?

Dry granulation Signup and view all the answers

How does static charge build-up during direct compression affect drug distribution?

It hinders a uniform distribution of the drug on the mass. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common interaction problem that may arise with certain diluents?

They may react with the active ingredient causing discoloration. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the advantages of direct compression in tablet manufacturing?

It minimizes labor input. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the granulation fluid in the wet granulation process?

To serve as a binder for adhesion Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant disadvantage of the wet granulation method?

It may cause drug degradation due to solvent presence Signup and view all the answers

How does wet granulation affect the flow properties of a tablet formulation?

It improves flow due to increased powder density Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the wet granulation process?

Direct compression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tableting is true?

Tableting occurs after tablet granulation. Signup and view all the answers

What role do punches play in the tablet compression process?

They apply pressure to compress the granulation. Signup and view all the answers

Why is drying considered a costly operation in wet granulation?

It consumes energy and time. Signup and view all the answers

What is a main advantage of utilizing the wet granulation method?

It yields tablets with less intra- and inter-batch variability. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Buccal / Sublingual Tablets

Held in the mouth, either between the cheek and teeth or under the tongue
Usually small and flat
Release drug content for direct absorption through the oral mucosa
Require good absorption through the mucosa for systemic effect
Use tasteless excipients to avoid stimulating salivation
Should dissolve slowly, over 15 to 30 minutes
Offer advantages over swallowed tablets, including avoiding first-pass metabolism and rapid onset
Limitations include the inability to use bitter or foul-tasting drugs

Troches and Lozenges

Used for local effects in the mouth and throat, such as treating sore throat or controlling cough
Designed to dissolve slowly, over 30 minutes or less
Lozenges consist of drug incorporated into a flavored hard candy sugar base
Troches are formed by compression

Dental Cones

Small tablets placed in the empty socket remaining after tooth extraction
Prevent bacterial multiplication by releasing an antibacterial agent or reducing bleeding using an astringent or coagulant
Common vehicles for these tablets include NaHCO3, NaCl, and amino acids
Dissolve or erode slowly, over 20 to 40 minutes

Implantation Tablets / Depot Tablets

Subcutaneously implanted to provide prolonged drug effect, lasting from one month to one year
Usually small, cylindrical or rosette-shaped
Limitation includes requiring surgical technology to discontinue therapy and potential tissue toxicity in the implantation area

Vaginal Tablets

Ovoid or pear-shaped tablets designed for slow distribution and drug release in the vaginal cavity
Used to treat infections with antibacterials, antiseptics, astringents, or release steroids for systemic absorption

Effervescent Tablets

Rapidly soluble tablets that release CO₂ within one minute or less
Produce a clear solution and a carbonated drink
Require water-soluble excipients
Advantages include accurate dosing and taste masking
Limitations include difficulty in producing chemically stable products due to moisture sensitivity and requiring special packaging to protect from moisture

Dispensing Tablets (DT)

Intended to be added to a given volume of water
Commonly incorporated materials include bichloride of mercury and germicidal solutions
Utilize completely soluble components in the formulation
May contain buffering or isotonicity-creating excipients
Less commonly used as water quality is unknown and some components are extremely hazardous if swallowed accidentally

Hypodermic Tablets (HT)

Readily water-soluble tablets added to sterile water or water for injection
No longer in common use, previously used in rural areas by physicians

Tablet Triturates (TT)

Small, cylindrical tablets containing potent drugs
Soft and fragile tablets, leading to potential drug loss

Formulation of Tablets:

Compressed tablets are typically composed of active ingredients mixed with excipients, including:
- Diluents
- Binders
- Disintegrating agents
- Lubricants
- Coloring agents
- Flavoring agents
- Sweetening agents

Manufacturing processes for tablets:

Direct compression
Dry granulation (slugging or roller compaction)
Wet granulation
Fluid bed granulation

Fluid Bed Granulation

Performs preblending, granulation, and drying in a single piece of equipment

Direct Compression:

A process that obviates the need for granulation
Suitable for materials with good flow and cohesive properties
Requires premilling of components, mixing, and compression of the powder mix

Dry Granulation:

Granulation is formed by compacting large masses of the mixture, followed by crushing and sizing

Wet Granulation:

Involves mixing the drug and diluent, adding a binder, wet massing, wet sizing/milling, drying, dry screening, lubrication, and tabletting
Advantages include reduced segregation, suitability for low-concentration therapeutic agents, and amenability to post-processing
Disadvantages include multiple processing steps, potential for drug degradation, and possible changes in polymorphic form due to drying

Tableting:

The final stage of tablet formation where the tablet is produced by compressing the formulation in a tablet press
Basic components of a tablet compression machine include:
- Hoppers for holding and feeding the granulation
- Dies that define the tablet size and shape
- Punches for compressing the granulation
- Cam tracks for guiding punch movements

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Description

Explore the characteristics and benefits of buccal and sublingual tablets, including their unique absorption properties and applications. Learn about troches, lozenges, and dental cones, highlighting their specific uses and formulations. This quiz provides a comprehensive understanding of these drug delivery systems.