Untitled Quiz

• Society: A group of people living together with shared interests, governed by the same laws.

Philosophy

• Derived from the Greek "Philosophia," meaning "Love of wisdom."
• It is the study or search for understanding of nature and mankind.
• Three philosophers studied include:
  • Socrates (469-399 BC)
  • Plato
  • Aristotle
• According to Socrates:
  • Individuals must recognize their own ignorance.
  • A person must be humble.
  • An individual cannot know everything.
  • No one is perfect.
  • No one is above mistakes.
  • There is nothing wrong with searching for more knowledge.
  • Knowledge is power, freedom, and wealth.
  • Knowledge can be acquired by everybody.
  • There is no secret in searching for knowledge.
  • There is always logic in knowledge.
  • Knowledge gives personal confidence.
  • No age limit for knowledge.
  • Knowledge gives individual initiatives.
  • There is no profit in arrogance.
• Assignment: Read about Plato and Aristotle.

Science

• Derived from the Greek word "Scientia" meaning Knowledge.
• Knowledge is gained through observation and experimentation.
• A systematic enterprise builds and organizes knowledge into testable explanations and predictions about the universe
• It is reliable.
• A body of knowledge can be logically and rationally explained.
• According to Aristotle, they should be rationally refutable.
• An intellectual and practical pursuit studies the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
• Knowledge covers general truths of the operation of general laws obtained and tested through scientific methods and concerned with the physical world.

Scientific Methods

• Include:
  • State the problems.
  • Collection of data.
  • Forming a hypothesis.
  • Testing the hypothesis.
  • Making inferences by drawing out conclusions.
• The main purpose is to produce reliable useful models.

Attributes of Science

• It can explain what has been observed and can predict what has not yet been observed.
• Test explanations/predictions by acquiring new data.

Classification of Science

• By subject matter:
  • Natural science:
    • Physical science: Physics, chemistry, astronomy, oceanography, geology, and engineering.
    • Health science: Geology, geography, astronomy, metrology, and oceanography.
    • Biological science: Botany, zoology, microbiology, medicine, physiology, anatomy, and animal husbandry.
  • Social science:
    • Studies human behavior or the social world, including economics, sociology, and commerce.
• By purpose

Technology

• Derived from the Greek "Technologia".
• "Techne" means art, skill, or craft.
• "Logia" means to study.

Definitions of Technology

• The making, usage and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, or methods of organization to solve a problem or perform a specific function.
• A collection of tools, machineries, and procedures.
• A systematic study of techniques for making and doing things.
• The application and use of scientific knowledge resulting in industrial and commercial products (including tools, machines, and methods) of value to mankind
• Technology can control and adapt to our natural environment.
• The concept transcends the production of tools and machines.
• It includes all organizations of human activities, methods, or rational analysis, including the structure of a system for achieving determined objectives.

Engineering

• A profession applies knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice with the judgement of development ways and means of utilizing economically the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
• Includes research and development, design, construction, installation, operation, manufacture, sales, and distribution.
• As old as the creation of man and is considered the most noble profession.
• Practitioners do what GOD does.
• According to the Arts (2000), engineering is based on training in mathematical and physical science to utilize nature for mankind's benefit economically.
• According to Shuaib and co., engineering involves the design, manufacture, measurement, control, and operation of machinery.
• According to COREN, engineering in Nigeria includes any professional practice or creative work requiring special knowledge of math, physics, and engineering for consultation, invention, discovery, valuation, research, and teaching.
• This is within recognized engineering institutions, planning, operation, maintenance, supervision of construction, and installations involving investigating, advising, operating, evaluating, measuring, designing, specifying, laying, directing, constructing, commissioning, inspecting or testing in connection with public utilities, structures, building machines, equipment, processes, works, or projects.

Engineering Family

• Comprises engineers, engineering technologists, engineering technicians, engineering craftsmen, and artisans.
• Organized as a pyramid and each member has their own well-defined and interconnected roles.

Engineer

• Someone registered by a certified body or has their name written on the register.
• COREN has a register that contains each personnel based on category
• Before one can appear on COREN, certain qualifications must be satisfied:
  • Academic qualifications that are registrable.
  • Professional qualification
• One must possess both qualifications

Academic Qualifications

• Attend an accredited institution and obtain recognized accreditation.
• Possess a recognized minimum of a Bachelor's degree or its equivalent in a recognized engineering field.
• Formerly, HND from an accredited polytechnic in engineering and a postgraduate diploma in engineering (before 2002) was accepted for registration, but now HND requires a master's degree in an engineering field.
• In the early 70's, just having a HND could get you registered.
• If there is a degree in a science related course with post graduate qualifications in core engineering that also works
• If you have a first degree in technology (B.Sc Edutech) with post graduate qualification in core engineering.
• Four years of cogent experience in the engineering field.

Professional Qualifications

• Apply and sit for exams conducted by COREN for registration as engineers.
• Exams are conducted by COREN or NSE
• Registration numbers start with R after registration by COREN.

Engineers vs Other Professionals

• Engineers require 75% formal training and 25% practicals.
• Technologists: 60% formal training, 40% practicals.
• Technicians: 55-60% formal training.
• Craftsmen: Less formal training, more practical.
• Artisans: None

Engineering Work Ethics

• Work ethics are strictly adhered to as codes and standards.
• Report anyone who does not abide by these rules.
• The codes and standards help protect from injury and ensures safety.
• Assure each engineer of a better working environment and reduce pressure from other people.
• Engineers should be proud if adhering to the code of ethics, improving the public image and increasing confidence.

Duties of an Engineer

• Duty to your client.
• Duty to the public.
• Duty to colleagues.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

• Are related to: Innovation, infrastructure, nation building, economics, politics, and business.

Professional Qualifications and COREN

• One must still be registered, so long as they have their names on COREN's register.
• MNSE and GMNSE are gotten immediately before convocation during induction.

Engineering Technologists Qualifications

• Academic:
  • Degree from accredited institutions in engineering technology.
  • HND in core engineering courses.
  • Four years of experience.
• Professional:
  • Technologists have NATE [Nigerian Association of Technologists in Engineering] and, COREN.
  • The NATE has its own exams just like the NSE.
• Engineers are not always the same as technologists.
• Registration numbers start with 0123ET
• An OND in core engineering or its equivalent as academic qualifications is useful.
• Full Technological Certificate [FTC] from the Federal Ministry of Labour after an exam known as Labour Test is something to consider.
• After three stages they may be registerable as engineering technicians.
• Only certified technicians may register.

Engineering Craftsmen

• certificates may be issued by certain corporations, in some cases.
• Also in technical colleges, there are labour tests are equivalent to School SAT

Engineer

• The registered engineer shall have the ability to think in abstracts and events.
• Be practical and prepare, plan, teach engineering plus do research and development of products and projects plus the professional guidance of others.

Engineering Technologist

• Performs technical duties of an established or novel character.
• Works independently or under the supervision of a registered engineer or scientist.
• Requires logical thoughts and exhibits leadership as a manager.
• Their primary role within the profession is the application of known and proven techniques in the execution and management of engineering works.
• Also assists the engineering in the design and development of engineering plants and structure where appropriate

Engineering Technician

• They have acquired some skills + theoretical skills to undertake simple designs.
• Their primary shall include:
  • The techniques and supervision of appropriate details of practical
  • Execution
  • Diagnosis of faults, day-to-day operation and maintenance of engineering plants
  • Services, establishments and the design and development of engineering projects.

Assignments

• Write the roles and responsibilities of craftsmen and each Cadre
• Why is an engineer saddled with the responsibility to head an engineering firm or establishment?
• Engineering ethics and code of conduct: Guides practice, behavior, and relationships between engineers - to engineers, clients, and the public.
• Engineering practice based on the three classifications for assignments should be submitted on monday.

Engineering History

• Initially focused on military applications.
• After World War I, civilians were needed which branched out to civil engineering with military focused on mechanical engineering.
• As a result of development, the roles of these engineering practices were split into many other engineering fields to enhance productivity and to give room for specialization.

Professional Bodies and Societies

• COREN caters to all cadres and engineers as a regulatory council.
• The NSE [Nigerian Society of Engineers] is divided into institutes (Ni MechE, NICE, etc)

COREN Duties and History

• The council for the regulation of engineering formally covered everyone

• Now has certain key features

  • Regulation and control
  • Aspects and ramifications of engineering
  • Who has what skill

• The Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria [COREN] was established as a statutory organ of Federal Government during the military.

• COREN registers all except artisans, which is why they are not classified.

• Functions of COREN: Engineering (ERM)

• Regulations monitoring all key personnel.

• Registration of engineering practitioners:

  • Technologists (0123ET)
  • Technicians (R0123T)

• COREN assembly:

  • Happens every year
  • NOTE: In COREN, the president is now selected by Election
  • The government provides some funds as well as personnel fees

Categories of membership

• Students, associates, graduates, corporate members, or honorary fellow.
• There are assignments to discuss safety and risk in engineering
• In engineering practices safety analysis is important to consider