Questions and Answers
What compound provides the reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions?
Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
Select the most accurate statement describing the basic function of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis?
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Given its function, why is P680+ said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent?
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Select the correct statement about the Calvin cycle.
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Which wavelengths of light drive the highest rates of photosynthesis?
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Select the correct molecule that is the main product of the Calvin cycle.
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Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?
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The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with:
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Match the following terms related to chloroplast functions:
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In photosynthesis, a redox compound that is produced in the light reactions is required to drive other redox reactions in the Calvin cycle.
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Identify the membranes or compartments of the chloroplast.
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What processes contribute to the formation of the proton gradient?
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Do the light reactions of photosynthesis depend on the Calvin cycle?
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In C3 plants, the conservation of water promotes ____.
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In C4 and CAM plants, carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells.
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C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants ____.
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Study Notes
NADPH and the Calvin Cycle
- NADPH provides reducing power for Calvin cycle reactions.
- It is essential for the synthesis of organic molecules during carbon fixation.
Light-Driven Processes
- Light energy directly drives the removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules.
- The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy, facilitating ATP and NADPH production.
Role of CO2 in Photosynthesis
- CO2 is fixed into organic molecules during photosynthesis, serving as a critical source for carbon.
P680+ Properties
- P680+ acts as the strongest biological oxidizing agent to obtain electrons from water.
- Its strong electron affinity is necessary for transferring electrons to plastoquinone in the electron transport system.
Calvin Cycle Overview
- The Calvin cycle consists of three phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP.
- It primarily occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and does not release oxygen.
Light Absorption in Photosynthesis
- The most effective wavelengths for photosynthesis are 400-450 nm and 670-680 nm.
- Light absorption is crucial for the functioning of photosystems in the photosynthetic process.
Main Product of the Calvin Cycle
- G3P is the main product generated from the Calvin cycle, which can be used to form glucose.
Light Reaction Inputs and Outputs
- Inputs: NADP+, ADP, water, light
- Outputs: ATP, NADPH, O2
Inputs and Outputs of the Calvin Cycle
- Inputs: NADPH, ATP, CO2
- Outputs: ADP, NADP+, G3P
Redox Reactions in Photosynthesis
- Light reactions oxidize water to produce O2 and reduce NADP+ to NADPH.
- The Calvin cycle then oxidizes NADPH, reducing CO2 to G3P.
Photosystems Functionality
- Photosystem II: performs water oxidation and feeds electrons into the chain.
- Photosystem I: reduces NADP+ and completes the electron transport circuit.
Proton Gradient and ATP Synthesis
- A proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane is generated through H+ pumping and release, utilized for ATP synthesis.
Tracking Carbon in the Calvin Cycle
- Net conversion results in 3-carbon G3P, with various intermediates contributing to overall carbon management.
Energy Inputs for the Calvin Cycle
- The conversion of 3 CO2 into 1 G3P requires 6 ATP and 6 NADPH.
Dependency of Light Reactions on the Calvin Cycle
- Light reactions require the Calvin cycle indirectly; a decrease in CO2 availability reduces the production of ADP and NADP+, subsequently affecting O2 production.
Water Conservation in C3 Plants
- In C3 plants, water conservation leads to an increase in photorespiration.
C4 and CAM Plant Adaptations
- C4 plants fix CO2 in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells and transport it to cells where the Calvin cycle occurs, enhancing efficiency under heat and light stress.
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Description
Test your knowledge on important concepts from BSC 1010C Chapter 10. This quiz covers essential terms and processes related to the Calvin cycle and photosynthesis. Get ready to reinforce your understanding with key definitions and questions.
