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Questions and Answers
According to Immanuel Kant, _______________________ is the essence of our consciousness that provides the basis for understanding and establishing the notion of self.
Transcendental Apperception
In the level of consciousness where memories are deeply stored and very difficult to tap, it is called the _______________________ level of consciousness.
unconscious
In the context of philosophy, the mediator between the _______________________ and super ego is the part of the personality according to Sigmund Freud.
id
The philosopher who focused on the study of the brain and attributed the distinctiveness in our existence to the presence of the physical brain is _______________________.
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The level of consciousness where memories can still be accessed but with a little difficulty is the _______________________ level of consciousness.
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The father of Psychoanalysis is _______________________.
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The philosopher who is known for the phrase '_______________________' is René Descartes.
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The aspect of satisfaction of one’s needs and self-gratification is attributed to the _______________________ part of the personality.
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The conscience of one’s personality is attributed to the _______________________ part of the personality.
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The philosopher who is known for his contributions to the philosophy of self is _______________________.
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Study Notes
Understanding the Self: Philosophical Self
Philosophy and the Study of Self
- Philosophy is the study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking.
- The French philosopher Rene Descartes is known as the Father of Modern Philosophy.
Socrates and the Socratic Method
- Socrates's way of teaching is called the Socratic Method or Socratic Conversation.
- Socrates's philosophy emphasizes the importance of knowing oneself.
Components of the Self
- The self refers to the union of elements that constitute the individuality of a human person.
- According to Saint Thomas Aquinas, the two compositions of the soul-body unity are Matter and Form.
Philosophers and Their Theories
- John Locke believes that experiences of the person are important in identifying and establishing who we are as a person.
- Gilbert Ryle's view is that the mind is the mysterious component that controls the mechanistic body, known as the Ghost in the Machine.
- David Hume was a Scottish philosopher who focused on empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.
Plato and Aristotle
- Plato was a student of Socrates who followed the idea of knowing oneself.
- Aristotle was not a student of Socrates.
Consciousness and the Mind
- The part of the person driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself is the appetitive soul.
- The brave part of a person is the spirited soul.
- The part that thinks and plans for the future is the rational soul.
- According to Immanuel Kant, Transcendental Apperception is the essence of our consciousness that provides the basis for understanding and establishing the notion of self.
Levels of Consciousness
- Memories are easily accessed in the conscious level of consciousness.
- Memories can be accessed with some difficulty in the preconscious level of consciousness.
- Memories are deeply stored and difficult to access in the unconscious level of consciousness.
Other Key Concepts
- Philosophy is often referred to as the Mother of all Disciplines, as all fields of study began from philosophical discourses.
- Cogito ergo sum means "I think therefore I am".
- Paul Churchland is a contemporary philosopher who has focused on the study of the brain, attributing the distinctiveness in our existence to the presence of the physical brain.
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Description
Take this quiz to test your knowledge on the philosophical self, covering concepts and theories related to self-awareness and identity. This quiz is based on the lesson 1 of PSYCUT1ES at Polytechnic University of the Philippines. Assess your understanding of the self and its various aspects.
