Bryophytes and Pteridophytes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the sporangium in pterophytes?

  • To release the spores (correct)
  • To provide structural support
  • To produce male gametes
  • To absorb water and nutrients

Which of the following describes the frond in a pterophyte?

  • It is the immature form of the sporophyte
  • It is the reproductive organ of the plant
  • It is the root structure for water absorption
  • It functions as the ‘leaves’ and holds sori (correct)

What is the role of the prothallium in pterophytes?

  • It produces female gametes
  • It provides energy for the frond
  • It absorbs water for the plant
  • It produces male gametes (correct)

Which statement correctly describes gymnosperms?

<p>They produce seeds through cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conifers from other gymnosperms?

<p>They produce seeds in cones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a gymnosperm is responsible for the growth of the zygote?

<p>Female cone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are rhizoids primarily responsible for in pterophytes?

<p>Absorbing water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phylum contains the single surviving species Ginkgo biloba?

<p>Ginkgophyta (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes bryophytes from other plant divisions?

<p>They are non-vascular. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do rhizoids play in bryophytes?

<p>They provide structural support only. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pterophytes is true?

<p>They possess a complete vascular system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a bryophyte is responsible for spore dispersion?

<p>Seta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of pterophytes that allows them to grow larger than bryophytes?

<p>Development of vascular tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the leaves of bryophytes considered to be?

<p>Untrue or incomplete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sorus in the context of pterophytes?

<p>A structure that holds and releases spores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do bryophytes require moist environments for growth?

<p>To aid in spore dispersion and survival. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the megasporangium?

<p>Producing female gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes angiosperms?

<p>Plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the androecium consist of?

<p>Pollen grain, microsporangia, anther, and filament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of a sporophyte?

<p>It reproduces by producing spores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an antheridium responsible for?

<p>Making sperm cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the angiosperm contains ovules?

<p>Gynoecium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes incomplete flowers from complete flowers?

<p>Presence of only female reproductive parts (B), Presence of only male reproductive parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates angiosperms from gymnosperms?

<p>Angiosperms produce seeds in an ovary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bryophytes

Non-vascular spore-bearing plants like mosses, lacking true roots but having rhizoids for anchoring.

Non-vascular plants

Plants without xylem and phloem (conducting tissues) which limits their growth size.

Rhizoids

Small hair-like structures in bryophytes that anchor the plant but do not absorb water.

Pterophytes

Vascular plants including ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns. They have a vascular system.

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Vascular plants

Plants with xylem and phloem for conducting water and nutrients. This allows for larger growth.

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Sorus

Structures on the underside of fern leaves that produce and hold spores.

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Fronds

Leaves of pterophytes (ferns)

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Capsule

The sporophyte structure in bryophytes that releases spores

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Sporangium

Part of the sporophyte that releases spores.

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Fiddlehead

Young sporophyte, grows into a frond.

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Prothallium

Male part of pterophytes, produces sperm.

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Prothalus

Female part of pterophytes, produces eggs.

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Gymnosperm

Plant that produces seeds not enclosed in an ovary, through cones.

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Male Cone (Gymnosperm)

Smaller cone that produces pollen, disintegrates after pollen release.

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Megasporangium

The part of a plant that produces female gametes (egg cells), found within the ovary of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

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Microsporangium

The part of a plant that produces male gametes (sperm cells), found within the anther of flowering plants.

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Sporophyte

The dominant generation in the life cycle of plants that produces spores, like the tree itself in gymnosperms.

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Angiosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed within an ovary. It's part of the largest and most diverse group in the plant kingdom.

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Gynoecium

The 'female' reproductive part of a flower consisting of the ovary, stigma, style, and ovules. It's the innermost whorl of a flower.

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Androecium

The 'male' reproductive part of a flower consisting of the anther, filament, pollen grain, and microsporangia.

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Gametophyte

The generation in the plant life cycle that produces gametes (egg and sperm) for reproduction.

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Incomplete Flower

A flower that has only either male or female reproductive parts, not both.

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Study Notes

Bryophytes

  • Bryophytes are spore-bearing plants, like mosses, lacking true roots.
  • They have rhizoids, small hair-like structures, to anchor them.
  • Bryophytes are non-vascular, meaning they lack xylem and phloem for internal transport.
  • They are moisture-dependent, needing water for survival and reproduction, as water aids spore dispersal.
  • Their reproduction relies on spores.

Parts of Bryophytes

  • Seta: A stalk supporting the capsule.
  • Capsule: A structure containing and releasing spores.
  • Leaves: Considered incomplete or untrue, compared to other plant types.
  • Rhizoids: Function similar to roots, anchoring the plant but not absorbing water.

Pteridophytes

  • Pteridophytes are spore-bearing plants with vascular systems (e.g., ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns).
  • They have fronds, which are their leaves.
  • They have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).
  • Sori are structures on the fronds that produce spores.
  • Sporangia are the structures inside the sori that release spores.
  • Rhizoids are used for absorption and anchoring.

Gymnosperms

  • Gymnosperms produce seeds not enclosed within an ovary, typically in cones.
  • They have a vascular system (xylem and phloem).
  • Examples include conifers (e.g., pine trees), cycads, and Ginkgo.
  • Gymnosperms reproduce using cones, with male and female cones for reproduction.
  • Male cones produce pollen, and female cones develop seeds.

Angiosperms

  • Angiosperms are seed plants with flowers and fruits.
  • They have a vascular system (xylem and phloem).
  • They are the most diverse group of plants.
  • Angiosperms reproduce sexually through flowers which have male and female reproductive parts (and thus also seeds).
  • Their reproductive parts include the gynoecium (female) and androecium (male), each having distinct subdivisions.
  • Angiosperm reproduction produces a seed within a fruit.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential characteristics of bryophytes and pteridophytes. Understand their structures, reproduction methods, and how they differ from each other in terms of vascular systems and adaptability to moisture. Perfect for students learning about plant biology.

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