Brown v. Board of Education: Impact of Segregation on Self-Esteem

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Questions and Answers

What did Marshall's example of an African American girl illustrate?

Diversity in toy manufacturing

Racial segregation in schools

Importance of education in breaking segregation

Loss of self-confidence among African American girls (correct)

What did the NAACP argue in their brief to the Supreme Court?

Separate but equal is a contradiction in terms (correct)

Racial segregation promotes progress

Segregation is necessary for social harmony

African Americans prefer segregation

What did Chief Justice Warren's opinion emphasize?

The contradiction in 'separate but equal'

The importance of racial segregation

The need for gradual desegregation

The clarity of the Court's decision for laymen (correct)

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in 1954?

Desegregation was ordered to begin everywhere Signup and view all the answers

What event sparked a spectacular riot in 1954?

Meredith James' admission refusal, leading to a riot Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of 'Freedom Rides'?

To defy segregation laws in the South Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the Second World War have on African Americans' prospects?

It improved their welfare and prospects Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the resistance to the Supreme Court's Brown decision?

Strong pockets of resistance emerged Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of refusing to enroll James Meredith at the University of Mississippi?

Riots and violent protests Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the 'freedom rides'?

To test segregation laws Signup and view all the answers

What issue did not rank high on President Kennedy's agenda at the beginning of his administration?

Civil rights for African-Americans Signup and view all the answers

What event changed President Kennedy's priorities?

Peaceful demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama Signup and view all the answers

Who put Gandhian philosophy to the test through non-violent resistance?

Martin Luther King Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the peaceful demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama?

A comprehensive civil rights bill Signup and view all the answers

What hindered the passage of the civil rights bill?

A filibuster Signup and view all the answers

What did President Kennedy address the nation about?

A moral crisis Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the speaker's message?

Racial injustice Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of overlooking the urgency of the moment?

It will be fatal for the nation Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the Negro's struggle?

To gain citizenship rights Signup and view all the answers

What will continue to shake the foundations of the nation?

The whirlwinds of revolt Signup and view all the answers

How should the Negro conduct their struggle?

On the high plane of dignity and discipline Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the freedom of white people and Negroes?

They are tied up together Signup and view all the answers

What should the Negro community avoid?

Distrusting all white people Signup and view all the answers

What is the speaker's final message?

We must march ahead Signup and view all the answers

Who took over as president after Kennedy?

Lyndon Baines Johnson Signup and view all the answers

What was the benefit of civil rights legislation for LBJ?

To overcome suspicions from liberals, Northerners, and African Americans Signup and view all the answers

When did the Civil Rights bill become law?

July 2, 1964 Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the powers given to the U.S. Attorney-General under the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

To intervene to protect rights of citizens Signup and view all the answers

What was outlawed in public places and places of public accommodation by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Segregation Signup and view all the answers

Who denounced the Civil Rights Act as 'the single most dangerous piece of legislation ever introduced in the Congress'?

Jesse Helms Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the case where the appellant refused to let African Americans stay at his motel?

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in the Heart of Atlanta Motel case?

The Supreme Court held against the appellant Signup and view all the answers

What is the core idea of the speaker's dream for the nation?

That people will be treated equally regardless of their skin color Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker envision for their children in the future?

That they will be free from oppression and judged by their character Signup and view all the answers

What is the speaker's vision for the state of Alabama in the future?

That it will become a place where black and white children can join hands Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker believe is the source of hope for the nation?

The faith that people will work together towards brotherhood Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker believe will happen when people work together towards brotherhood?

The jangling discords of the nation will be turned into a beautiful symphony Signup and view all the answers

What is the speaker's dream for the future of the nation's valleys and hills?

That every valley will be exalted and every hill will be made low Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker believe will happen to the people who work together towards freedom?

They will be free one day Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker plan to do with the faith that they have?

Hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Racial Segregation and Education

In 1954, a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" has no place in the field of public education, citing the 14th Amendment.
The court decreed that school desegregation should begin everywhere, allowing African Americans to claim admission to all-white institutions.
Racial segregation was theoretically finished everywhere, but resistance and pockets of segregation remained.

The Civil Rights Movement

After 1954, resistance to desegregation emerged, including the refusal of a university to admit a black woman, Meredith James, leading to a riot.
The "Freedom Rides" movement began, where groups of young people traveled through the South by bus, defying segregation laws.
Incremental legal changes and the effects of World War II improved the prospects and welfare of African Americans, but strong pockets of resistance remained.
President Kennedy's role in the civil rights movement was ambivalent, with limited achievements, but he eventually addressed the nation, calling for comprehensive civil rights legislation.

Martin Luther King and Non-Violent Resistance

Martin Luther King applied Gandhian philosophy to the civil rights movement, using non-violent resistance, including jail sentences, protests, and boycotts.
King's "I Have a Dream" speech emphasized the need for unity, equality, and justice, calling for an end to racial injustice and discrimination.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed on July 2, 1964, giving the U.S. Attorney-General new powers to intervene and protect citizens' rights.
The Act established the mandate of the "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission" (EEOC) and the "Community Relations Service" (within the Department of Justice).
The Act outlawed segregation in public places and in places of public accommodation, such as hotels and motels.

Challenges to the Civil Rights Act

The Civil Rights Act was criticized by politicians and challenged in the courts, with some arguing that it exceeded Congress's power to regulate commerce under the Constitution.
The Supreme Court ultimately upheld the Act in the case of Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States.

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Description

This quiz explores the famous court case that led to the desegregation of American schools, highlighting the negative effects of racial segregation on self-esteem and opportunities.