34 Questions
Which method represents the gold standard for susceptibility testing?
Broth dilution method
What does MIC stand for in susceptibility testing?
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
Which method involves placing fibrous disks or strips containing drug concentrations on agar plates?
Disk diffusion method
What represents a continuum rather than a dichotomy in susceptibility testing?
Sensitivity and Resistance
In the automated method, what does the machine do with the standardized inoculum of the organism?
Performs a technique similar to broth dilution method
Which body fluid can be used to correlate the MIC with achievable concentrations at the site of infection?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the MIC range that defines a pneumoniae strain as resistant to penicillin?
Greater than 1 mcg/mL
Which reference source is mentioned for compiling and updating antimicrobial therapy data?
CDC Website
Why should sulfonamides and penicillinase-resistant penicillins be avoided in late pregnancy and neonates?
They may cause kernicterus
In what situations are bactericidal drugs, like penicillins, preferred in patients?
Immunocompromised patients
Which factor is highlighted as a consideration in drug selection due to patient acceptance?
Adherence based on taste
What is the main reason behind choosing amoxicillin as the drug of choice for common infections?
$4 generic cost
Why might amoxicillin be preferred over penicillin V for group A streptococcal infections?
$4 generic cost
What is a significant factor affecting patient compliance with a prescribed antibiotic regimen?
Taste of the medication
In what scenario might penicillins require higher doses, IV administration, or prolonged therapy?
CNS infections
Which outcome is important to monitor specifically in pneumonia cases during treatment?
Resolution of pulmonary infiltrates
What should patients be advised to do if there is no improvement in their condition after 48 to 72 hours of antibiotic treatment?
Call the prescriber for evaluation
What are common signs of improvement that should be monitored in patients during antibiotic therapy?
Normalization of pulse oximetry
In case of more than three watery, unformed stools per day or blood in the stool during antibiotic therapy, what should be done?
Consider stool testing for C. difficile toxin
What is a potential consequence of not completing a full course of antibiotic therapy?
Development of resistant infections
Why should doses of antibiotics be spaced evenly throughout the day?
To ensure maximum absorption and effectiveness
What is the correct action if a patient misses a dose of penicillin V?
Skip that dose and continue with the next scheduled dose
Why should patients avoid crushing chewable tablets of penicillin V or dicloxacillin?
To improve drug absorption
What is important about the clavulanate content in oral tablets and chewable tablets of amoxicillin/clavulanate?
'The clavulanate content is higher in chewable tablets.'
Why should liquid formulations of antibiotics always be dispensed with a calibrated measuring device?
Because household teaspoons vary widely in volume and are unreliable for accurate measurement.
What is the importance of telling patients whether there will be liquid medication remaining at the end of their therapy course?
To encourage patients to finish all the medication.
What should be done if severe diarrhea occurs in a patient taking penicillins?
Contact the prescriber before initiating any treatment.
Why are lifestyle management and prevention strategies important in reducing antibiotic usage?
To promote healthier practices that limit the occurrence of infections.
What should diabetic patients taking aminopenicillins and clavulanate do to obtain accurate glucose testing results?
Rely on urine testing based on glucose enzymatic tests.
How can healthcare providers minimize pain and prevent needle blockage during intramuscular injection of thick preparations like procaine and benzathine?
Injecting slowly over 12 to 15 seconds.
Why is it important for patients to be able to distinguish allergic reactions from other adverse effects of medications?
To provide an accurate drug allergy history.
Why should patients with immediate allergic reactions wear an identification bracelet?
To alert healthcare providers of their allergy in case of emergencies.
What can patients use to manage mild diarrhea caused by penicillins?
Adsorbent antidiarrheal agents like Donnagel containing attapulgite.
Why is it advised to consult the package insert for proper mixing and storage of reconstituted parenteral penicillins?
To know the volume limits for IM injection sites.
Learn about the broth dilution method, the gold standard technique for susceptibility testing. Understand how MIC and MBC are measured and correlated with achievable concentrations in the body. Discover why MBC is rarely used clinically.
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