5 Questions
What are Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases?
Bronsted-Lowry acids are proton donors, releasing hydrogen ions, while Bronsted-Lowry bases are proton acceptors, grabbing hydrogen ions from water molecules.
What are the products of the reaction between an acid HA and water?
The products are the formation of hydroxonium ions, $H_3O^+$, and the conjugate base A$^-$.
Describe the dissociation behavior of strong acids and strong bases in water.
Strong acids dissociate almost completely in water, while strong bases ionize almost completely in water.
Explain the dissociation behavior of weak acids in water.
Weak acids dissociate very slightly in water, setting up an equilibrium that lies to the left.
What happens to weak bases in water?
Weak bases only slightly dissociate in water.
Study Notes
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
- A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a species that donates a proton (H+), while a Bronsted-Lowry base is a species that accepts a proton.
Reaction between an Acid HA and Water
- The reaction between an acid HA and water is: HA + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + A-
- The products of this reaction are a conjugate acid (H3O+) and a conjugate base (A-).
Dissociation Behavior of Strong Acids and Strong Bases
- Strong acids completely dissociate in water, releasing all their H+ ions.
- Strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing all their OH- ions.
- Examples of strong acids include HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4.
- Examples of strong bases include NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)2.
Dissociation Behavior of Weak Acids
- Weak acids partially dissociate in water, releasing some of their H+ ions.
- The extent of dissociation is represented by the acid dissociation constant (Ka).
- Weak acids exist in equilibrium with their conjugate bases and H+ ions.
Dissociation Behavior of Weak Bases
- Weak bases partially dissociate in water, releasing some of their OH- ions.
- The extent of dissociation is represented by the base dissociation constant (Kb).
- Weak bases exist in equilibrium with their conjugate acids and OH- ions.
Test your knowledge of Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases with this quiz on acids, bases, and the equilibrium constant, Kw. Challenge yourself with questions on proton donors and acceptors, and enhance your understanding of hydroxonium ions and their formation in aqueous solutions.
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