Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Quiz

Study Notes

Etiology of BPD

Premature birth and low birth weight are significant risk factors for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
Prolonged mechanical ventilation, oxygen toxicity, and inflammation contribute to the development of BPD
Genetics, prenatal and perinatal infection, and growth restriction also play a role in the etiology of BPD

Clinical Manifestations of BPD

Respiratory distress, tachypnea, and oxygen requirement are common presentations of BPD
Chest radiographs may show hyperinflation, atelectasis, or interstitial markings
Patients with BPD may exhibit failure to thrive, fatigue, and developmental delays

Severity Index for BPD

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) severity index grades BPD as mild, moderate, or severe based on oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA)
Mild BPD: breathing room air at 36 weeks PMA
Moderate BPD: requiring <30% oxygen at 36 weeks PMA
Severe BPD: requiring ≥30% oxygen at 36 weeks PMA or requiring mechanical ventilation

Management of BPD

Primary goal is to manage respiratory symptoms and prevent further lung injury
Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and surfactant administration may be necessary
Medications such as bronchodilators, diuretics, and corticosteroids may be prescribed
Nutrition support, immunizations, and developmental therapy are also important aspects of BPD management

Anesthetic Considerations for BPD

Patients with BPD require careful preoperative assessment and optimization of respiratory status
Anesthesia induction and maintenance should be tailored to minimize respiratory depression and avoid bronchospasm
Postoperative pain management should prioritize non-opioid medications to reduce respiratory depression risk

Description

Test your knowledge on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with this quiz. Learn about the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for this chronic lung disease commonly found in preterm neonates. Identify the key terms, such as oxygen toxicity and respiratory distress syndrome, associated with BPD.