Bronchodilator Inhibiting Mucus Secretion in Asthma

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What is the first-line maintenance therapy for controlling asthma in patients with chronic asthma?

Leukotriene modulators

Mast cell stabilizers

Oral prednisone

Inhaler steroids (correct)

Which of the following is a known side effect of glucocorticoids?

Osteoporosis (correct)

Headache

Joint pain

Nausea and vomiting

What should patients do after each use of inhaler therapy to avoid oropharyngeal candidiasis?

Use a cough syrup

Take an antacid

Gargle with warm water or antiseptic (correct)

Drink a cold beverage

What is the recommended approach when switching patients from oral to inhaled steroid therapy?

Taper oral therapy gradually (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which alternative therapy is NOT recommended for the treatment of asthma due to weak anti-inflammatory effects and short duration of action?

Cromolyn (B) Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken after prolonged use of systemic steroids to prevent adreno-cortical insufficiency?

Gradually taper off the steroids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of β2-Adrenoceptor agonists in treating asthma?

Direct stimulant action on β2 adrenoceptors of bronchial smooth muscle (A) Signup and view all the answers

When are short-acting bronchodilators like Salbutamol typically used?

For quick relief during acute asthma attacks (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a side effect associated with bronchodilators like Salmeterol and Formoterol?

Hypokalemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of regular use of bronchodilators according to the text?

Bronchial hyperreactivity and failure in response (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agents are Salmeterol and Formoterol classified as?

Long-acting agents (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using short-acting bronchodilators like Albuterol according to the text?

Quick relief during acute wheezing episodes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of a mast cell stabilizer like cromolyn?

Preventing histamine release from mast cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is useful for reducing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

Omalizumab (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with zileuton?

Elevations in serum hepatic enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leukotriene receptor antagonists like zafirlukast and montelukast in asthma treatment?

Blocking the cysteinyl LT-1 receptor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of omalizumab in allergic asthma therapy?

Preventing activation by asthma triggers (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do leukotriene modulators like zafirlukast and zileuton differ in their mechanism of action?

Zafirlukast inhibits 5-lipoxygenase while zileuton blocks the cysteinyl LT-1 receptor (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme do xanthines like Theophylline inhibit?

Phosphodiesterase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential fatal side effect of administering Theophylline through IV?

Dysrhythmia (B) Signup and view all the answers

When should oral preparations of Theophylline be given?

With meals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a precaution when administering Theophylline with sympathomimetics?

Avoid non-selective β-agonists (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is Ipratropium bromide administered?

As aerosol inhalation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Muscarinic receptor antagonists like Tiotropium?

Blocking M3 receptors on smooth muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of asthma does the mentioned drug have no effect on?

Late inflammatory phase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the disadvantages of the mentioned drug mentioned in the text?

Delayed onset of action (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are glucocorticoids primarily known as?

Anti-inflammatory drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapy for moderate, severe, acute, and chronic asthma according to the text?

Glucocorticoids (B) Signup and view all the answers

In status asthmaticus, what is the recommended initial glucocorticoid for IV administration?

Hydrocortisone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in asthma treatment?

Inhibition of T-cell activation and inflammatory response (A) Signup and view all the answers