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What is the function of lobar bronchi?
What is characteristic of the mucosa in larger bronchi?
What happens to the cartilage rings in smaller bronchi?
What type of epithelium lines the terminal bronchioles?
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What is abundant in smaller bronchi?
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What is the main function of the cilia in the mucociliary apparatus?
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What type of cells are found in the lamina propria of the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the function of club cells in the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the main difference between the mucosa of terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles?
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What is the function of the visceral pleura?
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What is the function of the secretory granules in the club cells?
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What type of fibers are found in the lamina propria of the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the function of the smooth muscle in the lamina propria?
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What is the main difference between the mucosa of terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles?
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What is the function of the visceral pleura?
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What type of cells are found in the visceral and parietal pleura?
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What is the connection between the visceral and parietal pleura?
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What is the function of the elastic fibers in the visceral pleura?
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What is the term for the division of a lobar bronchus that forms a functional unit with its own CT capsule and blood supply?
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What is the main difference between the structure of the wall of larger bronchi and smaller bronchi?
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What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining of the larger bronchioles?
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What is the purpose of the lymphatic nodules found in the bronchial tree?
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What is the main component of the lamina propria in the smaller bronchi?
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What is the fate of the bronchioles in the pulmonary lobule?
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What is the characteristic of the connective tissue in the bronchioles?
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What is the term for the division of a primary bronchus that enters the lung from the hilum?
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What is the characteristic of the cartilage in smaller bronchi?
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What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining of the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the function of the MALT in the bronchial tree?
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What is the primary function of the club cells in the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the characteristic of the connective tissue in the bronchopulmonary segment?
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What type of cells are present in the lamina propria of the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the main difference between the structure of the respiratory bronchioles and the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the fate of the segmental bronchi in the pulmonary lobule?
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What is the function of the elastic fibers in the visceral pleura?
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What is the purpose of the lymphatic nodules in the bronchial tree?
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What is the difference between the structure of the wall of larger and smaller bronchi?
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What is the connection between the visceral and parietal pleura?
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What type of cells form the lining of the visceral and parietal pleura?
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What is the characteristic of the bronchioles in the pulmonary lobule?
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What is the characteristic of the bronchopulmonary segment?
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What is the primary function of the secretory granules in the club cells?
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What is the characteristic of the mucosa in the respiratory bronchioles?
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What is the role of the smooth muscle in the lamina propria of the terminal bronchioles?
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What is the continuity of the elastic fibers in the visceral pleura?
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Study Notes
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into two primary bronchi, each entering its lung from the hilum along with blood vessels.
- Each primary bronchus divides into secondary bronchi (3 in the right lung and 2 in the left lung), which supply a pulmonary lobe and are also called lobar bronchi.
- Lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi, which form bronchopulmonary segments with their own CT capsule and blood supply.
- Segmental bronchi divide into smaller bronchi, which eventually become bronchioles.
- Each bronchiole enters a pulmonary lobule to form 5-7 terminal bronchioles.
Structure of Bronchi
- The structure of the bronchi wall changes as the bronchi divide and become smaller.
- In larger bronchi, the mucosa is similar to the trachea, with cartilage rings mostly encircling the lumen.
- As the bronchi get smaller, the rings are replaced by isolated plates of hyaline cartilage.
- Serous and mucus glands are abundant and open into the bronchial lumen.
- The lamina propria contains bundles of smooth muscle and elastic fibers arranged in spirals.
- Lymphatic nodules are found where the bronchial tree branches, and lymphocytes are present in the lamina propria.
Bronchioles
- Bronchioles do not have mucosal glands or cartilage, but instead have CT associated with smooth muscle.
- The lining of larger bronchioles is respiratory epithelium, which changes to ciliated simple columnar epithelium or simple cuboidal in the terminal bronchioles.
- The mucociliary apparatus pushes debris and dirt upwards using cilia.
- Club cells (Clara cells) in the terminal bronchioles contain secretory granules and are mitotically active.
- Club cells have functions including:
- Secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins to maintain the fluid layer on the epithelial surface.
- Detoxification of inhaled harmful compounds using enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
- Secretion of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines for local immune defense.
Respiratory Bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles are branches of terminal bronchioles that include alveoli for gas exchange.
- The lining of respiratory bronchioles includes club cells and simple squamous cells, supported by smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
- As you go further along the respiratory bronchioles, more alveoli appear, enhancing their role in respiration.
Structure of the Pleura
- The pleura consists of two layers: visceral and parietal.
- The visceral pleura is directly attached to the surface of the lungs.
- The parietal pleura lines the internal wall of the thoracic cavity.
- Both layers are made of simple squamous mesothelial cells sitting on a thin connective tissue layer containing collagen and elastic fibers.
- The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous at the hilum, and the elastic fibers of the visceral pleura are continuous with those in the lung tissue.
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into two primary bronchi, each entering its lung from the hilum along with blood vessels.
- Each primary bronchus divides into secondary bronchi (3 in the right lung and 2 in the left lung), which supply a pulmonary lobe and are also called lobar bronchi.
- Lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi, which form bronchopulmonary segments with their own CT capsule and blood supply.
- Segmental bronchi divide into smaller bronchi, which eventually become bronchioles.
- Each bronchiole enters a pulmonary lobule to form 5-7 terminal bronchioles.
Structure of Bronchi
- The structure of the bronchi wall changes as the bronchi divide and become smaller.
- In larger bronchi, the mucosa is similar to the trachea, with cartilage rings mostly encircling the lumen.
- As the bronchi get smaller, the rings are replaced by isolated plates of hyaline cartilage.
- Serous and mucus glands are abundant and open into the bronchial lumen.
- The lamina propria contains bundles of smooth muscle and elastic fibers arranged in spirals.
- Lymphatic nodules are found where the bronchial tree branches, and lymphocytes are present in the lamina propria.
Bronchioles
- Bronchioles do not have mucosal glands or cartilage, but instead have CT associated with smooth muscle.
- The lining of larger bronchioles is respiratory epithelium, which changes to ciliated simple columnar epithelium or simple cuboidal in the terminal bronchioles.
- The mucociliary apparatus pushes debris and dirt upwards using cilia.
- Club cells (Clara cells) in the terminal bronchioles contain secretory granules and are mitotically active.
- Club cells have functions including:
- Secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins to maintain the fluid layer on the epithelial surface.
- Detoxification of inhaled harmful compounds using enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
- Secretion of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines for local immune defense.
Respiratory Bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles are branches of terminal bronchioles that include alveoli for gas exchange.
- The lining of respiratory bronchioles includes club cells and simple squamous cells, supported by smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
- As you go further along the respiratory bronchioles, more alveoli appear, enhancing their role in respiration.
Structure of the Pleura
- The pleura consists of two layers: visceral and parietal.
- The visceral pleura is directly attached to the surface of the lungs.
- The parietal pleura lines the internal wall of the thoracic cavity.
- Both layers are made of simple squamous mesothelial cells sitting on a thin connective tissue layer containing collagen and elastic fibers.
- The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous at the hilum, and the elastic fibers of the visceral pleura are continuous with those in the lung tissue.
Bronchial Tree
- The trachea divides into two primary bronchi, each entering its lung from the hilum along with blood vessels.
- Each primary bronchus divides into secondary bronchi (3 in the right lung and 2 in the left lung), which supply a pulmonary lobe and are also called lobar bronchi.
- Lobar bronchi divide into segmental bronchi, which form bronchopulmonary segments with their own CT capsule and blood supply.
- Segmental bronchi divide into smaller bronchi, which eventually become bronchioles.
- Each bronchiole enters a pulmonary lobule to form 5-7 terminal bronchioles.
Structure of Bronchi
- The structure of the bronchi wall changes as the bronchi divide and become smaller.
- In larger bronchi, the mucosa is similar to the trachea, with cartilage rings mostly encircling the lumen.
- As the bronchi get smaller, the rings are replaced by isolated plates of hyaline cartilage.
- Serous and mucus glands are abundant and open into the bronchial lumen.
- The lamina propria contains bundles of smooth muscle and elastic fibers arranged in spirals.
- Lymphatic nodules are found where the bronchial tree branches, and lymphocytes are present in the lamina propria.
Bronchioles
- Bronchioles do not have mucosal glands or cartilage, but instead have CT associated with smooth muscle.
- The lining of larger bronchioles is respiratory epithelium, which changes to ciliated simple columnar epithelium or simple cuboidal in the terminal bronchioles.
- The mucociliary apparatus pushes debris and dirt upwards using cilia.
- Club cells (Clara cells) in the terminal bronchioles contain secretory granules and are mitotically active.
- Club cells have functions including:
- Secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins to maintain the fluid layer on the epithelial surface.
- Detoxification of inhaled harmful compounds using enzymes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
- Secretion of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines for local immune defense.
Respiratory Bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles are branches of terminal bronchioles that include alveoli for gas exchange.
- The lining of respiratory bronchioles includes club cells and simple squamous cells, supported by smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
- As you go further along the respiratory bronchioles, more alveoli appear, enhancing their role in respiration.
Structure of the Pleura
- The pleura consists of two layers: visceral and parietal.
- The visceral pleura is directly attached to the surface of the lungs.
- The parietal pleura lines the internal wall of the thoracic cavity.
- Both layers are made of simple squamous mesothelial cells sitting on a thin connective tissue layer containing collagen and elastic fibers.
- The visceral and parietal pleura are continuous at the hilum, and the elastic fibers of the visceral pleura are continuous with those in the lung tissue.
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Description
Learn about the structure and divisions of the bronchial tree, from primary bronchi to smaller bronchi, and their roles in the respiratory system.
