Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) Quiz

MNG-PAN Network Features

• Based on Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP technology, supporting efficient Ethernet aggregation.
• Offers a wide range of protocols, standards, and interfaces with high reliability.
• Features carrier-class sub-50ms recovery resiliency, hard QoS/SLA guarantees, and end-to-end and multi-layer OAM.
• Supports network-wide time/clock synchronization and efficient multicast data distribution.
• Offers a range of interfaces up to 10GE with low power consumption and centralized management.

Advantages of MNG-PAN Transport Network

• Scalability: Supports electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces from FE to 10GE with large switching capacity.
• Reliability: Offers carrier-class reliability with fully redundant hardware architecture.
• Resilience: Features various protection schemes and sub-50ms failure recovery.
• Manageability: Enhanced OAM capability with end-to-end service management and NMS-based operation.
• Inter-operability: Compliant with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard, allowing easy integration with core IP/MPLS or OTN networks.
• Bandwidth Efficiency: Enables users to request services in smaller increments, providing better utilization at the aggregation level.

Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)

• An intelligent router responsible for routing packets, allocating dynamic/static public IP to customers, and controlling customer speed.
• Communicates with Authentication server, DNS server, etc.
• Acts as the gateway for broadband traffic towards the MPLS core.
• Offers a comprehensive IP routing foundation for evolving Multi-Play broadband services.
• Supports diverse interface options, including Ethernet, Packet over SONET (PoS), and channelized connections.

RPR Technology

• Combines the best features of legacy SDH and Ethernet into one layer, maximizing network operator profitability.
• Optimized for transporting data traffic, rather than circuit-based traffic.
• Consumes bandwidth only between source and destination nodes, making it more efficient than TDM technologies like SDH.

Key Features of Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) Technology

• Proactive span protection automatically avoids failed spans within 50 ms.
• Supports latency/jitter sensitive traffic, such as voice and video.
• Supports committed information rate (CIR) services.
• Spatial reuse: Bandwidth is consumed only between source and destination nodes, making it more efficient.
• Supports topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring.
• Carries automatic topology discovery mechanism.

IEEE 802.1Q

• A standard for multiplexing VLANs, providing multivendor VLAN support.
• Uses a frame-internal field for tagging, modifying the basic Ethernet frame structure.
• Supports a maximum of 4,094 VLANs on a given Ethernet network.
• IEEE 802.1ad extends the number of VLANs supported by adding multiple, nested VLAN tags.
• IEEE 802.1aq (Shortest Path Bridging) expands the VLAN limit to 16 million.

IEEE 802.1Q Frame Format

• The VLAN tag is 4 bytes long, consisting of:
  • Tag Protocol ID (TPID): Identifies the frame as IEEE 802.1q frame.
  • Priority (PRI): Indicates frame priority level.
  • Canonical Format Indicator (CFI): Now known as Drop Eligibility Indicator (DEI), used to indicate frames that can be dropped during congestion.
  • VLAN ID: Unique for each VLAN, helping to identify which VLAN the current frame belongs to.