Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)?

  • To connect DSLAM to CPE
  • To route packets and allocate IP addresses to customers (correct)
  • To provide authentication to customers
  • To provide DNS services

    • What type of connectivity is used between DSLAM and CPE?

  • Packet over SONET
  • Copper wire (correct)
  • Ethernet
  • Fiber

    • What is the significance of BNG in the broadband network?

  • It provides authentication services
  • It acts as a gateway of the broadband traffic towards the MPLS core (correct)
  • It connects fiber to CPE
  • It acts as a DNS server

    • What is Multi-Play in the context of broadband services?

    <p>The convergence of voice, video and data services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of interface options does BNG offer?

    <p>Ethernet, Packet over SONET, and channelized connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BNG in terms of customer speed?

    <p>It controls the customer speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables service providers to deliver multiple services on RPR solutions?

    <p>Combining features of SDH and Ethernet into one layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of traffic is RPR optimized to transport?

    <p>Data traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of RPR's bandwidth consumption?

    <p>Bandwidth is consumed between source and destination nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of RPR's proactive span protection?

    <p>Failed spans are automatically avoided within 50 ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RPR support topologies?

    <p>Up to 100 nodes per ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technology used in MNG-PAN network for efficient Ethernet aggregation?

    <p>MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is removed at their destination in RPR, making bandwidth available to downstream nodes?

    <p>Data packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum recovery time in MNG-PAN network?

    <p>50ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum interface range supported in MNG-PAN network?

    <p>10GE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of MNG-PAN network in terms of bandwidth utilization?

    <p>Better utilization at the aggregation level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of MNG-PAN network in terms of hardware architecture?

    <p>Fully redundant hardware architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard that MNG-PAN network is compliant with?

    <p>ITU-T MPLS-TP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the IEEE 802.1 working group defining the method of multiplexing VLANs?

    <p>To provide multivendor VLAN support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between ISL and IEEE 802.1Q tagging?

    <p>ISL does not modify the Ethernet frame, while 802.1Q does</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of VLANs supported by IEEE 802.1Q?

    <p>4,094</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IEEE 802.1ad extend in terms of VLAN support?

    <p>Number of VLANs supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IEEE 802.1aq expand to?

    <p>Number of VLANs supported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cisco Inter-Switch Link (ISL) used for?

    <p>To interconnect switches and maintain VLAN information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Tag Protocol ID (TPID) field in the IEEE 802.1Q frame?

    <p>To identify the frame as an IEEE 802.1Q frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of unique VLANs supported by IEEE 802.1Q on a single Ethernet network?

    <p>4096</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) when 802.1q encapsulation is used?

    <p>It is recalculated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism used to create Switched VLANs, which uses IEEE 802.1ad frames?

    <p>VLAN Cross Connect (CC or VLAN-XC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Canonical Format Indicator (CFI) field in the IEEE 802.1Q frame?

    <p>To indicate frames that can be dropped during congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Priority (PRI) field in the IEEE 802.1Q frame?

    <p>It indicates the frame priority level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    MNG-PAN Network Features

    • Based on Pseudo Wire over MPLS-TP technology, supporting efficient Ethernet aggregation.
    • Offers a wide range of protocols, standards, and interfaces with high reliability.
    • Features carrier-class sub-50ms recovery resiliency, hard QoS/SLA guarantees, and end-to-end and multi-layer OAM.
    • Supports network-wide time/clock synchronization and efficient multicast data distribution.
    • Offers a range of interfaces up to 10GE with low power consumption and centralized management.

    Advantages of MNG-PAN Transport Network

    • Scalability: Supports electrical and optical Ethernet interfaces from FE to 10GE with large switching capacity.
    • Reliability: Offers carrier-class reliability with fully redundant hardware architecture.
    • Resilience: Features various protection schemes and sub-50ms failure recovery.
    • Manageability: Enhanced OAM capability with end-to-end service management and NMS-based operation.
    • Inter-operability: Compliant with ITU-T MPLS-TP standard, allowing easy integration with core IP/MPLS or OTN networks.
    • Bandwidth Efficiency: Enables users to request services in smaller increments, providing better utilization at the aggregation level.

    Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)

    • An intelligent router responsible for routing packets, allocating dynamic/static public IP to customers, and controlling customer speed.
    • Communicates with Authentication server, DNS server, etc.
    • Acts as the gateway for broadband traffic towards the MPLS core.
    • Offers a comprehensive IP routing foundation for evolving Multi-Play broadband services.
    • Supports diverse interface options, including Ethernet, Packet over SONET (PoS), and channelized connections.

    RPR Technology

    • Combines the best features of legacy SDH and Ethernet into one layer, maximizing network operator profitability.
    • Optimized for transporting data traffic, rather than circuit-based traffic.
    • Consumes bandwidth only between source and destination nodes, making it more efficient than TDM technologies like SDH.

    Key Features of Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) Technology

    • Proactive span protection automatically avoids failed spans within 50 ms.
    • Supports latency/jitter sensitive traffic, such as voice and video.
    • Supports committed information rate (CIR) services.
    • Spatial reuse: Bandwidth is consumed only between source and destination nodes, making it more efficient.
    • Supports topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring.
    • Carries automatic topology discovery mechanism.

    IEEE 802.1Q

    • A standard for multiplexing VLANs, providing multivendor VLAN support.
    • Uses a frame-internal field for tagging, modifying the basic Ethernet frame structure.
    • Supports a maximum of 4,094 VLANs on a given Ethernet network.
    • IEEE 802.1ad extends the number of VLANs supported by adding multiple, nested VLAN tags.
    • IEEE 802.1aq (Shortest Path Bridging) expands the VLAN limit to 16 million.

    IEEE 802.1Q Frame Format

    • The VLAN tag is 4 bytes long, consisting of:
      • Tag Protocol ID (TPID): Identifies the frame as IEEE 802.1q frame.
      • Priority (PRI): Indicates frame priority level.
      • Canonical Format Indicator (CFI): Now known as Drop Eligibility Indicator (DEI), used to indicate frames that can be dropped during congestion.
      • VLAN ID: Unique for each VLAN, helping to identify which VLAN the current frame belongs to.

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