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BNG Architecture and Functions

• BNG (Broadband Network Gateway) is the access point for subscribers, connecting them to the broadband network.
• BNG establishes and manages broadband subscriber sessions, aggregates traffic from various subscriber sessions, and routes it to the network of the service provider.
• BNG is deployed by the service provider and is present at the first aggregation point in the network, such as the Core or Edge Router.

BNG Functions

• Manages subscriber access and subscriber management functions such as:
  • Authentication
  • Authorization
  • Accounting (AAA) of subscriber sessions
  • Address assignment
  • Security
  • Policy management
  • Quality of Service (QoS)
• Enables customized broadband packages for each customer based on their needs.

REDBACK BNG

• Modal of REDBACK BNG is SmartEdge
• Features of SmartEdge include:
  • Redundant Dual Route Processor
  • Redundant power for every slot
  • Redundant cooling
  • Hot swap for every card
  • Every card is self-supporting
  • Every card makes logical routing and switching decisions

General Software Model

• Each protocol is a separate process running on its own protected memory
• Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols
• Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually
• Modularity simplifies development and testing, making the system more stable and reliable

Inter Process Communication

• Each process talks to each other using a Redback proprietary version of IPC (Inter Process Communication)
• IPC connection-oriented (like TCP)
• Throttle mechanisms in kernel to adapt to load
• Several "core" processes exist which function like information-hub-and-spoke servers, for example RIB.

Command Line Interface

• The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI)
• CLI commands are stored in a transaction database
• Commands are not activated until committed
• Configuration can be aborted, and changes can be undone
• Configuration files can be stored in non-volatile memory (flash) or external storage (microdrive slot)

Monitoring Boot Settings

• The system checks the "boot configuration" parameter during system boot sequence
• If the boot configuration parameter is empty, it looks for /flash/redback.cfg
• If /flash/redback.cfg does not exist, the system loads factory default (empty configuration)
• The boot configuration parameter can be changed to load a different configuration file

Administrator Privacy

• Each administrator is treated as a unique destination for debugging output
• Each administrator can start their own debugging functionality without influencing others
• Debugging is context-specific and requires specific commands to enable or disable

BNG Architecture

• BNG connects to the CPE through Aggregation Switches and DSLAM.
• DSLAM and aggregation switches send the aggregated traffic to the BNG.
• Each subscriber connects to the network by a logical session.

Subscriber Sessions

• Based on the protocol used, subscriber sessions are classified into PPPoE and IPoE sessions.
• The PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) subscriber session is established using the point-to-point (PPP) protocol that runs between the CPE and BNG.
• The IPover Ethernet (IPoE) subscriber session is established using IP protocol that runs between the CPE and BNG.

IP Addressing

• IP addressing is done using the DHCP protocol.
• The DHCP server contains an IP address pool, from which it allocates addresses to the CPE or end user PC.
• BNG can connect to more than one DHCP server to have fail over redundancy in the addressing process.

BNG and RADIUS

• BNG relies on an external Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server to provide subscriber Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) functions.
• During the AAA process, BNG uses RADIUS to authenticate a subscriber before establishing a subscriber session, authorize the subscriber to access specific network services or resources, track usage of broadband services for accounting or billing.
• RADIUS server contains a complete database of all subscribers of a service provider and provides subscriber data updates to the BNG in the form of attributes within RADIUS messages.
• BNG provides session usage (accounting) information to the RADIUS server.

REDBACK BNG

• The model of REDBACK BNG is SmartEdge.
• It has redundant dual route processor, redundant power for every slot, redundant cooling, hot swap for every card, and every card is self-supporting.
• Every card makes logical routing and switching decisions.

Software Model

• Each protocol is a separate process (running on its own protected memory).
• Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols.
• Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually.
• Modularity simplifies development and test, and improves system and network availability.

Inter Process Communication

• Each process talks to each other by using a Redback proprietary version of IPC (standard UNIX inter Process Communications).
• Throttle mechanisms in the kernel adapt to load.
• Several "core" processes exist which function like information-hub-and-spoke servers, for example RIB.

Command Line Interface

• The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
• To configure the SmartEdge using CLI, you need to be connected to craft port 2.
• The Ethernet Port is always slot 7 port 1, even if you only have an XCRP in slot 8.

Configuration Principles

• System level configuration: all global parameters such as hostname, SNMP, logging, atm, profiles, dot1q profiles, and more.
• Context level configuration: all layer 3 parameters such as interfaces, routing, radius, subscriber configuration, and more.
• Port level configuration: layer 1 & 2 parameters such as (no) shutdown, channels, pvc's, vlan's bindings.

Static Bindings

• For cases where one just needs to bind a circuit to an interface, a "static binding" can be used.
• The operator is responsible for creating and enabling the binding.
• Typically used for management and backbone connections.
• Bindings are made from "outside into the SmartEdge" on the most detailed level available.

Enabling the Traffic Cards

• Traffic needs to be enabled or configured before they are activated.
• This is a feature with several benefits, including saving a working configuration and allowing easy diagnostic mode for unused traffic cards.
• Unused traffic cards can be easily put into diagnostic mode, and unused traffic cards will not change the working configuration.

Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)

• BNG is the access point for subscribers, connecting them to the broadband network.
• It establishes and manages subscriber sessions, aggregating traffic from various subscriber sessions and routing it to the network of the service provider.

BNG Architecture

• Designed to perform multiple tasks, including connecting with Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), establishing subscriber sessions using PPPoE protocols, communicating with the AAA server, and communicating with the DHCP server.

REDBACK BNG

• Modular design with redundant dual route processor, redundant power, hot swap, and self-supporting cards.
• Each card makes logical routing and switching decisions.

General Software Model

• Each protocol is a separate process running on its own protected memory.
• Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols.
• Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually, and each protocol talks to each other using a Redback proprietary version of IPC.

Inter Process Communication

• Redback IPC is connection-oriented and has throttle mechanisms in the kernel to adapt to load.
• Several "core" processes exist which function like information-hub-and-spoke servers.

Command Line Interface

• The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
• CLI commands are stored in a transaction database but are not activated until committed.

Configuration Principles

• System level configuration includes global parameters such as hostname, SNMP, logging, and more.
• Context level configuration includes layer 3 parameters such as interfaces, routing, radius, and subscriber configuration.
• Port level configuration includes layer 1 & 2 parameters such as shutdown, channels, PVCs, and VLAN bindings.

Static Bindings

• Used for cases where a circuit needs to be bound to an interface.
• Operator is responsible for creating and enabling the binding.
• Typically used for management and backbone connections.
• Bindings are made from outside into the SmartEdge on the most detailed level available.

BNG Overview

• BNG (Broadband Network Gateway) is the access point for subscribers to connect to the broadband network.
• It establishes and manages broadband subscriber sessions.
• BNG aggregates traffic from various subscriber sessions from an access network and routes it to the network of the service provider.

BNG Architecture

• BNG connects to the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) through Aggregation Switches and DSLAM.
• BNG establishes subscriber sessions using PPPoE protocols.
• It communicates with the AAA server for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) functions.
• BNG relies on an external Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server.
• It interacts with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server for address allocation and client configuration functions.

BNG Functions

• BNG manages subscriber access, and subscriber management functions such as authentication, authorization, and accounting of subscriber sessions.
• It assigns addresses, provides security, policy management, and Quality of Service (QoS).
• BNG enables the service provider to customize the broadband package for each customer based on their needs.

REDBACK BNG

• The model of REDBACK BNG is SmartEdge.
• It has features such as redundant dual route processors, redundant power for every slot, and hot swap for every card.

General Software Model

• Each protocol is a separate process running on its own protected memory.
• Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols.
• Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually.
• Software modularity with restartable protocols improves system and network availability.

Inter Process Communication

• Each process talks to each other using a Redback proprietary version of IPC (standard UNIX inter-process communications).
• The IPC connection is oriented, comparable to TCP.
• Throttle mechanisms in the kernel adapt to load.

Command Line Interface

• The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
• Before using the CLI, a connection to the craft port is required.
• The Ethernet port is always slot 7 port 1, even if there is only an XCRP in slot 8.

Administrator Privacy

• Each administrator is treated as a unique destination for debugging output.
• Each administrator can start their own debugging functionality without influencing other administrators.
• Enabling debugging is context-specific and requires a specific command.