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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)?

  • To manage and establish broadband subscriber sessions (correct)
  • To provide internet services to subscribers
  • To authenticate subscribers only
  • To aggregate traffic from various networks

    • What is the modal of REDBACK BNG?

  • SmartFlow
  • SmartCore
  • SmartRoute
  • SmartEdge (correct)

    • Where is the BNG typically deployed?

  • At the edge router (correct)
  • At the service provider's data center
  • At the subscriber's premise
  • At the core router (correct)

    • What is the benefit of redundant dual route processor in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>No single point of failure for switching, forwarding or route processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocols does BNG use to establish subscriber sessions?

    <p>PPPoE and DHCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do protocols operate in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>As separate processes, each running on its own protected memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BNG in subscriber management?

    <p>Authentication, authorization, and accounting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of software modularity in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Simplified development and test, with highly modular code being more stable and reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using BNG for service providers?

    <p>To customize the broadband package for each customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the AAA server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To authenticate subscribers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a protocol fails in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>The failed protocol can be stopped and restarted individually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do processes communicate with each other in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Using a Redback proprietary version of IPC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the DHCP server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To assign IP addresses to clients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Redback IPC in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Connection-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between BNG and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)?

    <p>Wired connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of throttle mechanisms in the kernel of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>To adapt to load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the interface that can be used to configure the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Command Line Interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default means of configuring the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Craft Port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many craft ports are available on the XCRP?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which craft port is used for configuration purposes?

    <p>Craft Port 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the serial terminal settings required to connect to the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>9600, N, 8, 1, no flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'commit' command in configuration mode?

    <p>To activate the configuration immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are all your commands stored before they are activated?

    <p>In the transaction database</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the slot number of the Ethernet Port on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Slot 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which XCRP does the SmartEdge platform use for configuration?

    <p>Active XCRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'show config' command?

    <p>To view the active configuration in RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to your configuration during reloads?

    <p>It is lost because RAM is volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the configuration applied to the Ethernet Port on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Slot 7 port 1 configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you undo a single command in configuration mode?

    <p>Using the 'no' command followed by the command to be undone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'end' command in configuration mode?

    <p>To exit configuration mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you store your configuration files?

    <p>In both non-volatile memory (flash) and the microdrive slot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the SmartEdge is going through the system boot sequence?

    <p>It checks the boot configuration parameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the boot configuration parameter is empty?

    <p>The system will look for /flash/redback.cfg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of disabling debugging on other administrators?

    <p>It will have no effect on other administrators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an administrator disconnects their telnet/SSH session?

    <p>The administrator's debugging functions are disabled implicitly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the system look for a configuration file if the boot configuration parameter is populated?

    <p>/flash/newconf.cfg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you change the loaded configuration file?

    <p>Use the command 'boot configuration /flash/newconf.cfg'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sent to the 'logger' process when debugging is enabled?

    <p>Debug output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if debugging is enabled for a long time?

    <p>The primary process may slow down or not respond to PM keep alive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you disable all debug functions in one step?

    <p>Use the command 'no debug all'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Aggregation Switches and DSLAM in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To send aggregated traffic to the BNG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are subscriber sessions classified based on the protocol used?

    <p>Into PPPoE and IPoE sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the RADIUS server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To provide subscriber authentication, authorization, and accounting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the DHCP server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To allocate IP addresses to CPE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can a BNG connect to more than one RADIUS server?

    <p>To have failover redundancy in the AAA process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a BNG connecting to more than one DHCP server?

    <p>Failover redundancy in the addressing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of session is established using the IP protocol that runs between the CPE and BNG?

    <p>IPoE session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the AAA process in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To provide subscriber authentication, authorization, and accounting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus when configuring a system?

    <p>System level configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of configuration involves layer 3 parameters?

    <p>Context level configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the negotiation room in static binding?

    <p>Has a modest role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of binding is typically used for management and backbone connections?

    <p>Static binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of bindings in static binding?

    <p>From the outside into the SmartEdge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most detailed level of binding in static binding?

    <p>Circuit level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary before traffic can be activated?

    <p>Enabling the traffic cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command syntax for static binding?

    <p>bind interface if-name ctx-name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of Redundant Dual Route Processor in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>No single point of failure for switching, forwarding, or route processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of having every card self-supporting in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Improved system reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the throttle mechanisms in the kernel of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>To adapt to load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Redback proprietary version of IPC?

    <p>It is connection-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if one protocol fails in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Other protocols continue to operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of Independent stop/restart of each module in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Improved system reliability and availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using separate processes for each protocol in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Simplified development and testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of efficient use of system resources in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>System resources are allocated to active processes only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of unused traffic cards in the BNG architecture?

    <p>They are not included in the saved configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a new traffic card is activated in the BNG architecture?

    <p>The configuration becomes active automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are subscriber sessions classified in the BNG architecture?

    <p>Based on the protocol used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Aggregation Switches and DSLAM in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To send aggregated traffic to the BNG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol is used to establish IPoE subscriber sessions?

    <p>IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of saving a working configuration in the BNG architecture?

    <p>It excludes unused traffic cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diagnostic mode in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To test unused traffic cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the BNG in the architecture?

    <p>To perform multiple tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the craft port on the XCRP?

    <p>To configure the SmartEdge platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default means of configuring the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Using the craft port (Console) only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many craft ports are available on the XCRP?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the slot number of the Ethernet Port on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Slot 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the required serial terminal settings to connect to the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>9600, N, 8, 1, no flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which XCRP does the SmartEdge platform use for configuration?

    <p>The active XCRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What configuration is applied to the Ethernet Port on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>The configuration applied for slot 7 port 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you connect to the SmartEdge platform for configuration?

    <p>Through craft port 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a BNG in a broadband network?

    <p>To establish and manage broadband subscriber sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a BNG in subscriber management?

    <p>To manage subscriber access and quality of service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the DHCP server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To provide IP addresses to subscribers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a BNG for service providers?

    <p>To customize broadband packages for each customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the AAA server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To authenticate and authorize subscriber sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is a BNG typically deployed in a broadband network?

    <p>At the edge router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between a BNG and Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)?

    <p>PPPoE protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of session is established between the CPE and BNG?

    <p>Broadband subscriber session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of having redundant dual route processors in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>To eliminate single point of failure for switching, forwarding, or route processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Each protocol is a separate process with its own protected memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a protocol failure in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Only the failed protocol is affected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do processes communicate with each other in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Using a proprietary Redback IPC that is connection-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the throttle mechanisms in the kernel of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>To adapt to load and prevent system overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of hot swap in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>To allow for replacement of cards without system downtime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of every card in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Every card is self-supporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of software modularity in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>It improves system and network availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Command Line Interface (CLI) on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>To configure the SmartEdge platform using a command-line interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default means of configuring the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) through the craft port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many craft ports are available on the XCRP?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which craft port is used for configuration purposes on the XCRP?

    <p>Craft port 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the serial terminal settings required to connect to the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>9600, N, 8, 1, no flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the slot number of the Ethernet Port on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Slot 7 port 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which XCRP does the SmartEdge platform use for configuration?

    <p>The active XCRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the SmartEdge platform use the configuration applied to the Ethernet Port?

    <p>It uses the configuration as applied for slot 7 port 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of system level configuration?

    <p>All global parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of static binding?

    <p>To bind a circuit to an interface without subscriber negotiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level are static bindings made?

    <p>Most detailed level available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between port and circuit level bindings?

    <p>Port is least detailed, circuit is most detailed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the command syntax for creating a static binding?

    <p>bind interface if-name ctx-name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are static bindings typically used?

    <p>For management and backbone connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the requirement for enabling traffic on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Configuring or enabling the traffic cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of static bindings on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>From the circuit into the SmartEdge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to your configuration during reloads?

    <p>It is lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'commit' command in configuration mode?

    <p>To activate your configuration immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you store your configuration files?

    <p>In flash, microdrive, or a URL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'show config' command?

    <p>To view the active configuration in RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you undo a single command in configuration mode?

    <p>Using the 'no' command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the SmartEdge is going through the system boot sequence?

    <p>It checks the boot configuration parameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are all your commands stored before they are activated?

    <p>In RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'abort' command in configuration mode?

    <p>To throw away your sticky note during configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of certain core processes in the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>To function as an information-hub-and-spoke server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to configure the SmartEdge platform using the Command Line Interface?

    <p>A connection to the craft port 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which port is the Ethernet Port always located on the XCRP?

    <p>Slot 7 port 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which XCRP does the SmartEdge platform use for configuration?

    <p>The active XCRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default configuration method for the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>Factory default using the craft port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the serial terminal settings required to connect to the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>9600, N, 8, 1, no flow control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the configuration applied to the Ethernet Port on the SmartEdge platform?

    <p>It is used by the active XCRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is craft port 2 used for configuration purposes on the XCRP?

    <p>It is a dedicated port for configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the boot configuration parameter is empty?

    <p>The system looks for a configuration file in /flash/redback.cfg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does each administrator affect debugging output?

    <p>Each administrator has their own unique debugging output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'debug' command?

    <p>To start debugging for a specific function or process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an administrator disconnects their telnet/SSH session?

    <p>The administrator's debugging functionality is disabled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the system look for a configuration file if the boot configuration parameter is populated?

    <p>The location specified in the boot configuration parameter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you change the loaded configuration file?

    <p>Using the 'boot configuration' command.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if debugging is enabled for a long time?

    <p>The primary process may slow down or become unresponsive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you disable all debug functions in one step?

    <p>Using the 'no debug all' command.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the RADIUS server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To provide subscriber Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are subscriber sessions classified based on the protocol used?

    <p>Based on the protocol used, into PPPoE and IPoE sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the DHCP server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To allocate IP addresses to subscribers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can a BNG connect to more than one RADIUS server?

    <p>To provide fail over redundancy in the AAA process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of session is established using the IP protocol that runs between the CPE and BNG?

    <p>IPoE session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the AAA process in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To provide subscriber Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a BNG connecting to more than one DHCP server?

    <p>To provide fail over redundancy in the addressing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Aggregation Switches and DSLAM in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To send the aggregated traffic to the BNG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key benefit of redundant power for every slot in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Increased system reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do protocols operate in the GENERAL SOFTWARE MODEL of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>As separate processes with protected memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Redback IPC in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Connection-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a protocol fails in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Only the affected protocol stops working</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of software modularity in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Increased system availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of throttle mechanisms in the kernel of REDBACK BNG?

    <p>To adapt to system load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do processes communicate with each other in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>Using a proprietary Redback IPC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of modular code in REDBACK BNG?

    <p>More stable and reliable code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the BNG in a broadband network?

    <p>To manage and establish subscriber sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the BNG typically deployed in a broadband network?

    <p>At the core of the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the AAA server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To authenticate and authorize subscribers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using BNG for service providers?

    <p>To enable customization of broadband packages for each customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the DHCP server in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To assign IP addresses to subscribers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the BNG in subscriber management?

    <p>To establish and manage subscriber sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of session is established using the PPPoE protocol between the CPE and BNG?

    <p>Subscriber session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of policy management in the BNG architecture?

    <p>To provide customized broadband services to subscribers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    BNG Architecture and Functions

    • BNG (Broadband Network Gateway) is the access point for subscribers, connecting them to the broadband network.
    • BNG establishes and manages broadband subscriber sessions, aggregates traffic from various subscriber sessions, and routes it to the network of the service provider.
    • BNG is deployed by the service provider and is present at the first aggregation point in the network, such as the Core or Edge Router.

    BNG Functions

    • Manages subscriber access and subscriber management functions such as:
      • Authentication
      • Authorization
      • Accounting (AAA) of subscriber sessions
      • Address assignment
      • Security
      • Policy management
      • Quality of Service (QoS)
    • Enables customized broadband packages for each customer based on their needs.

    REDBACK BNG

    • Modal of REDBACK BNG is SmartEdge
    • Features of SmartEdge include:
      • Redundant Dual Route Processor
      • Redundant power for every slot
      • Redundant cooling
      • Hot swap for every card
      • Every card is self-supporting
      • Every card makes logical routing and switching decisions

    General Software Model

    • Each protocol is a separate process running on its own protected memory
    • Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols
    • Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually
    • Modularity simplifies development and testing, making the system more stable and reliable

    Inter Process Communication

    • Each process talks to each other using a Redback proprietary version of IPC (Inter Process Communication)
    • IPC connection-oriented (like TCP)
    • Throttle mechanisms in kernel to adapt to load
    • Several "core" processes exist which function like information-hub-and-spoke servers, for example RIB.

    Command Line Interface

    • The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI)
    • CLI commands are stored in a transaction database
    • Commands are not activated until committed
    • Configuration can be aborted, and changes can be undone
    • Configuration files can be stored in non-volatile memory (flash) or external storage (microdrive slot)

    Monitoring Boot Settings

    • The system checks the "boot configuration" parameter during system boot sequence
    • If the boot configuration parameter is empty, it looks for /flash/redback.cfg
    • If /flash/redback.cfg does not exist, the system loads factory default (empty configuration)
    • The boot configuration parameter can be changed to load a different configuration file

    Administrator Privacy

    • Each administrator is treated as a unique destination for debugging output
    • Each administrator can start their own debugging functionality without influencing others
    • Debugging is context-specific and requires specific commands to enable or disable

    BNG Architecture

    • BNG connects to the CPE through Aggregation Switches and DSLAM.
    • DSLAM and aggregation switches send the aggregated traffic to the BNG.
    • Each subscriber connects to the network by a logical session.

    Subscriber Sessions

    • Based on the protocol used, subscriber sessions are classified into PPPoE and IPoE sessions.
    • The PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) subscriber session is established using the point-to-point (PPP) protocol that runs between the CPE and BNG.
    • The IPover Ethernet (IPoE) subscriber session is established using IP protocol that runs between the CPE and BNG.

    IP Addressing

    • IP addressing is done using the DHCP protocol.
    • The DHCP server contains an IP address pool, from which it allocates addresses to the CPE or end user PC.
    • BNG can connect to more than one DHCP server to have fail over redundancy in the addressing process.

    BNG and RADIUS

    • BNG relies on an external Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server to provide subscriber Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) functions.
    • During the AAA process, BNG uses RADIUS to authenticate a subscriber before establishing a subscriber session, authorize the subscriber to access specific network services or resources, track usage of broadband services for accounting or billing.
    • RADIUS server contains a complete database of all subscribers of a service provider and provides subscriber data updates to the BNG in the form of attributes within RADIUS messages.
    • BNG provides session usage (accounting) information to the RADIUS server.

    REDBACK BNG

    • The model of REDBACK BNG is SmartEdge.
    • It has redundant dual route processor, redundant power for every slot, redundant cooling, hot swap for every card, and every card is self-supporting.
    • Every card makes logical routing and switching decisions.

    Software Model

    • Each protocol is a separate process (running on its own protected memory).
    • Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols.
    • Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually.
    • Modularity simplifies development and test, and improves system and network availability.

    Inter Process Communication

    • Each process talks to each other by using a Redback proprietary version of IPC (standard UNIX inter Process Communications).
    • Throttle mechanisms in the kernel adapt to load.
    • Several "core" processes exist which function like information-hub-and-spoke servers, for example RIB.

    Command Line Interface

    • The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
    • To configure the SmartEdge using CLI, you need to be connected to craft port 2.
    • The Ethernet Port is always slot 7 port 1, even if you only have an XCRP in slot 8.

    Configuration Principles

    • System level configuration: all global parameters such as hostname, SNMP, logging, atm, profiles, dot1q profiles, and more.
    • Context level configuration: all layer 3 parameters such as interfaces, routing, radius, subscriber configuration, and more.
    • Port level configuration: layer 1 & 2 parameters such as (no) shutdown, channels, pvc's, vlan's bindings.

    Static Bindings

    • For cases where one just needs to bind a circuit to an interface, a "static binding" can be used.
    • The operator is responsible for creating and enabling the binding.
    • Typically used for management and backbone connections.
    • Bindings are made from "outside into the SmartEdge" on the most detailed level available.

    Enabling the Traffic Cards

    • Traffic needs to be enabled or configured before they are activated.
    • This is a feature with several benefits, including saving a working configuration and allowing easy diagnostic mode for unused traffic cards.
    • Unused traffic cards can be easily put into diagnostic mode, and unused traffic cards will not change the working configuration.

    Broadband Network Gateway (BNG)

    • BNG is the access point for subscribers, connecting them to the broadband network.
    • It establishes and manages subscriber sessions, aggregating traffic from various subscriber sessions and routing it to the network of the service provider.

    BNG Architecture

    • Designed to perform multiple tasks, including connecting with Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), establishing subscriber sessions using PPPoE protocols, communicating with the AAA server, and communicating with the DHCP server.

    REDBACK BNG

    • Modular design with redundant dual route processor, redundant power, hot swap, and self-supporting cards.
    • Each card makes logical routing and switching decisions.

    General Software Model

    • Each protocol is a separate process running on its own protected memory.
    • Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols.
    • Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually, and each protocol talks to each other using a Redback proprietary version of IPC.

    Inter Process Communication

    • Redback IPC is connection-oriented and has throttle mechanisms in the kernel to adapt to load.
    • Several "core" processes exist which function like information-hub-and-spoke servers.

    Command Line Interface

    • The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
    • CLI commands are stored in a transaction database but are not activated until committed.

    Configuration Principles

    • System level configuration includes global parameters such as hostname, SNMP, logging, and more.
    • Context level configuration includes layer 3 parameters such as interfaces, routing, radius, and subscriber configuration.
    • Port level configuration includes layer 1 & 2 parameters such as shutdown, channels, PVCs, and VLAN bindings.

    Static Bindings

    • Used for cases where a circuit needs to be bound to an interface.
    • Operator is responsible for creating and enabling the binding.
    • Typically used for management and backbone connections.
    • Bindings are made from outside into the SmartEdge on the most detailed level available.

    BNG Overview

    • BNG (Broadband Network Gateway) is the access point for subscribers to connect to the broadband network.
    • It establishes and manages broadband subscriber sessions.
    • BNG aggregates traffic from various subscriber sessions from an access network and routes it to the network of the service provider.

    BNG Architecture

    • BNG connects to the Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) through Aggregation Switches and DSLAM.
    • BNG establishes subscriber sessions using PPPoE protocols.
    • It communicates with the AAA server for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) functions.
    • BNG relies on an external Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server.
    • It interacts with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server for address allocation and client configuration functions.

    BNG Functions

    • BNG manages subscriber access, and subscriber management functions such as authentication, authorization, and accounting of subscriber sessions.
    • It assigns addresses, provides security, policy management, and Quality of Service (QoS).
    • BNG enables the service provider to customize the broadband package for each customer based on their needs.

    REDBACK BNG

    • The model of REDBACK BNG is SmartEdge.
    • It has features such as redundant dual route processors, redundant power for every slot, and hot swap for every card.

    General Software Model

    • Each protocol is a separate process running on its own protected memory.
    • Failure of one protocol does not affect other protocols.
    • Protocols can be stopped and restarted individually.
    • Software modularity with restartable protocols improves system and network availability.

    Inter Process Communication

    • Each process talks to each other using a Redback proprietary version of IPC (standard UNIX inter-process communications).
    • The IPC connection is oriented, comparable to TCP.
    • Throttle mechanisms in the kernel adapt to load.

    Command Line Interface

    • The SmartEdge platform can be configured using the Command Line Interface (CLI).
    • Before using the CLI, a connection to the craft port is required.
    • The Ethernet port is always slot 7 port 1, even if there is only an XCRP in slot 8.

    Administrator Privacy

    • Each administrator is treated as a unique destination for debugging output.
    • Each administrator can start their own debugging functionality without influencing other administrators.
    • Enabling debugging is context-specific and requires a specific command.

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    Related Documents

    ch8.pdf

    Description

    Learn about the Broadband Network Gateway (BNG), its role in connecting subscribers to the broadband network, and its functions in managing subscriber sessions and traffic routing.

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