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Questions and Answers
What was the primary goal of the Notting Hill Carnival when it was founded?
What was the primary goal of the Notting Hill Carnival when it was founded?
What was one consequence of the riots at Notting Hill in 1958?
What was one consequence of the riots at Notting Hill in 1958?
What was the reaction of Caribbean governments to the events happening in Britain during the Notting Hill riots?
What was the reaction of Caribbean governments to the events happening in Britain during the Notting Hill riots?
What did the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act require for immigrants to settle in Britain?
What did the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act require for immigrants to settle in Britain?
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During which period did the number of immigrants from the New Commonwealth surge significantly?
During which period did the number of immigrants from the New Commonwealth surge significantly?
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What did many Conservative MPs argue regarding immigrant integration after the Notting Hill riots?
What did many Conservative MPs argue regarding immigrant integration after the Notting Hill riots?
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What misconception did immigrants hold about the British government’s stance on immigration in the early 1960s?
What misconception did immigrants hold about the British government’s stance on immigration in the early 1960s?
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What was a primary reason for the founding of organizations like the Organization for the Protection of Colored People in 1958?
What was a primary reason for the founding of organizations like the Organization for the Protection of Colored People in 1958?
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What was the effect of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act on immigration patterns to the UK?
What was the effect of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act on immigration patterns to the UK?
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What were the key provisions of the 1968 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
What were the key provisions of the 1968 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
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What was a significant reason for the tightening of immigration laws in Britain during the 1970s?
What was a significant reason for the tightening of immigration laws in Britain during the 1970s?
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How did the 1971 Immigration Act change the status of immigrants in Britain?
How did the 1971 Immigration Act change the status of immigrants in Britain?
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What was the public opinion regarding immigration controls after the implementation of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
What was the public opinion regarding immigration controls after the implementation of the 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act?
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Which groups were specifically allowed to settle in Britain despite tightened immigration laws?
Which groups were specifically allowed to settle in Britain despite tightened immigration laws?
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What was the impact of the Race Relations Acts of 1965 and 1968?
What was the impact of the Race Relations Acts of 1965 and 1968?
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What was a common criticism of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1968?
What was a common criticism of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1968?
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What action did the British government take in 1942 regarding immigration policies?
What action did the British government take in 1942 regarding immigration policies?
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What was a significant reason for the recruitment of Polish workers post-war?
What was a significant reason for the recruitment of Polish workers post-war?
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Which act allowed black men from the Caribbean to settle in the UK?
Which act allowed black men from the Caribbean to settle in the UK?
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What was a visible result of Caribbean immigration in the 1950s in London?
What was a visible result of Caribbean immigration in the 1950s in London?
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What was the approximate annual number of black immigrants settling in Britain within five years after 1948?
What was the approximate annual number of black immigrants settling in Britain within five years after 1948?
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Which recruitment initiative was undertaken by London Transport in the mid-1950s?
Which recruitment initiative was undertaken by London Transport in the mid-1950s?
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What challenge did the presence of Caribbean immigrants highlight in post-war Britain?
What challenge did the presence of Caribbean immigrants highlight in post-war Britain?
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How did the post-war economic recovery influence immigration and race relations in Britain?
How did the post-war economic recovery influence immigration and race relations in Britain?
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What percentage of the British public was reported to agree with Powell's speech?
What percentage of the British public was reported to agree with Powell's speech?
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Which immigrant group was noted for higher levels of interracial marriage compared to others?
Which immigrant group was noted for higher levels of interracial marriage compared to others?
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How did British cuisine change by the end of the 1970s?
How did British cuisine change by the end of the 1970s?
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What was the reaction of the British government to accusations of racial prejudice by the Second World War?
What was the reaction of the British government to accusations of racial prejudice by the Second World War?
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What issue posed a challenge regarding immigrant integration in housing?
What issue posed a challenge regarding immigrant integration in housing?
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What type of laws were created in response to pressures from immigrants and anti-racism commitments?
What type of laws were created in response to pressures from immigrants and anti-racism commitments?
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What was the public sentiment towards black and Asian workers during the immigration period?
What was the public sentiment towards black and Asian workers during the immigration period?
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What was a key characteristic of the newly introduced religions by immigrants?
What was a key characteristic of the newly introduced religions by immigrants?
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What was one reason for the small percentage of the working class that fought in WW1?
What was one reason for the small percentage of the working class that fought in WW1?
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How did rationing impact working-class health during the post-war period?
How did rationing impact working-class health during the post-war period?
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What was a common issue faced by many working-class families in new housing constructed after WWII?
What was a common issue faced by many working-class families in new housing constructed after WWII?
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What significant social change occurred during the 1960s regarding British values?
What significant social change occurred during the 1960s regarding British values?
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What did some believe about the prevalence of liberal values during the 1960s?
What did some believe about the prevalence of liberal values during the 1960s?
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What percentage of the population owned 33% of the wealth, illustrating wealth inequality?
What percentage of the population owned 33% of the wealth, illustrating wealth inequality?
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What was a consequence of exploitative landlord practices following WWI?
What was a consequence of exploitative landlord practices following WWI?
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What was one common opinion among right-wing politicians about the changes in society during the 1960s?
What was one common opinion among right-wing politicians about the changes in society during the 1960s?
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What significant change occurred in compensation for wartime injuries in April 1943?
What significant change occurred in compensation for wartime injuries in April 1943?
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Which pioneering woman in politics was the first to take her seat in parliament?
Which pioneering woman in politics was the first to take her seat in parliament?
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What did Eleanor Rathbone advocate for regarding Family Allowance payments in 1945?
What did Eleanor Rathbone advocate for regarding Family Allowance payments in 1945?
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Which legislative act did Ellen Wilkinson introduce to protect consumers buying on credit?
Which legislative act did Ellen Wilkinson introduce to protect consumers buying on credit?
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What primary contribution did Barbara Castle make in Harold Wilson's governments during the 1960s and 1970s?
What primary contribution did Barbara Castle make in Harold Wilson's governments during the 1960s and 1970s?
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Which of the following was not achieved by female MPs in debates over work during the 1940s?
Which of the following was not achieved by female MPs in debates over work during the 1940s?
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Which challenge did pioneering women in politics face in promoting female issues?
Which challenge did pioneering women in politics face in promoting female issues?
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What did the 1968 Act specifically ban in relation to housing and employment?
What did the 1968 Act specifically ban in relation to housing and employment?
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What unique distinction did Edith Summerskill hold before becoming a Labour MP?
What unique distinction did Edith Summerskill hold before becoming a Labour MP?
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What was a notable feature of the Race Relations Board established in 1966?
What was a notable feature of the Race Relations Board established in 1966?
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Which organization was established by the 1976 Race Relations Act?
Which organization was established by the 1976 Race Relations Act?
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What did Enoch Powell warn about in his infamous 'rivers of blood' speech?
What did Enoch Powell warn about in his infamous 'rivers of blood' speech?
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What was a consequence of the National Front Party's formation in 1967?
What was a consequence of the National Front Party's formation in 1967?
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In the 1964 general election, what controversial slogan did Peter Griffiths use?
In the 1964 general election, what controversial slogan did Peter Griffiths use?
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What was a significant characteristic of media portrayal of racial minorities by the late 1970s?
What was a significant characteristic of media portrayal of racial minorities by the late 1970s?
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How did public support for openly racist groups or politicians manifest during the late 1960s and 1970s?
How did public support for openly racist groups or politicians manifest during the late 1960s and 1970s?
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What significant change did the Parliament Act of 1911 bring to the House of Lords?
What significant change did the Parliament Act of 1911 bring to the House of Lords?
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Which factor contributed to the decline of aristocratic representation among Lord Lieutenants by 1970?
Which factor contributed to the decline of aristocratic representation among Lord Lieutenants by 1970?
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What role did the 1944 Education Act play after World War II?
What role did the 1944 Education Act play after World War II?
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What was one of the outcomes of the satire boom in the 1960s?
What was one of the outcomes of the satire boom in the 1960s?
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How did the 1937 Country Houses Scheme benefit estate owners?
How did the 1937 Country Houses Scheme benefit estate owners?
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What effect did real wages have on class boundaries in the 1950s?
What effect did real wages have on class boundaries in the 1950s?
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What did the increased popularity of television series like 'Brideshead Revisited' do for the landed elite?
What did the increased popularity of television series like 'Brideshead Revisited' do for the landed elite?
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Why did the landed elites retain affection despite losing political power?
Why did the landed elites retain affection despite losing political power?
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What was the population percentage of ethnic minorities in the UK in 1971?
What was the population percentage of ethnic minorities in the UK in 1971?
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What was the primary aim of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Colonial People in the UK?
What was the primary aim of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Colonial People in the UK?
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What was a contributing factor to the difficulty in promoting integration of immigrants in Britain?
What was a contributing factor to the difficulty in promoting integration of immigrants in Britain?
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How did British universities contribute to understanding racial issues in the 1950s?
How did British universities contribute to understanding racial issues in the 1950s?
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What was a significant aspect of the government's response to rising immigration numbers in the 1950s?
What was a significant aspect of the government's response to rising immigration numbers in the 1950s?
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What were 'friendship councils' primarily intended for?
What were 'friendship councils' primarily intended for?
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What did Dr. Kenneth Little conclude regarding black communities in Britain?
What did Dr. Kenneth Little conclude regarding black communities in Britain?
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What trend did the government observe regarding immigrant settlement patterns in the UK?
What trend did the government observe regarding immigrant settlement patterns in the UK?
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Study Notes
British Society in Transition, 1918-79
- British society moved from a rigid class structure in the interwar years to greater flexibility after World War II, particularly in the 1960s.
- A decline in deference was evident, manifested in greater assertiveness and criticism of the establishment, notably after the Profumo affair in 1963.
- The 1960s saw reforms in personal freedoms including the legalization of homosexuality and abortion, accompanied by increased media freedom.
- Women's rights advancements in 1928, despite increased employment opportunities during wartime, were not sustained following the return of peace. Discrimination remained an issue even after legal reforms in the 1970s. Second-wave feminism arose as a reaction to these ongoing issues.
- The period saw greater racial diversity in Britain, though discrimination persisted, particularly in the interwar period and the 1950s. Opposition to discrimination and calls for equal treatment grew throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
Class, Social Change, and the Impact of Wars, 1918-51
- Class distinctions were readily apparent in pre-industrial Britain, based on wealth, power, lifestyle, and occupation.
- The aristocracy held a strong sense of class identity based on geographic mobility and experience of power.
- Industrialization led to the rise of mass communication, enabling greater awareness and identification within broader communities across classes
- 'Class consciousness' emerged, with cultural differences marking social distinctions between middle and working classes, based on factors like income, education, leisure, and social habits.
- The impact of World War I led to a decline in influence of the landed gentry and increased wealth and mobility for other groups leading to the emergence of a new upper class, which was not exclusively aristocratic and based on wealth.
- Death duties and income taxes increased for the upper classes. Wartime restrictions and Labour shortages led to some of the upper classes having to sell their lands and homes.
- The upper class was still influential in politics through the 1950s, despite a loss of direct political power due to class mobility.
The Emergence of a 'Liberal Society' and Its Opponents, 1951-79
- Greater social mobility and increased wealth, contributed to a more permissive social climate by the 1970s.
- Increased affluence and technology helped blur class distinctions, with more people identifying as middle class.
Changes in Family Life and the Quest for Personal Freedoms, 1918-79
- Marriage, motherhood, and homemaking were idealized role models for women during the interwar years.
- The 1960s and 70s saw increasing challenges to traditional family structures.
- The availability of contraception and legal abortion empowered women to pursue work and other life options beyond childcare.
- The introduction of working-class wives into the labor market led to financial dependence changing from the man to a more shared resource.
- Women's labor during wartimes helped their position in society.
- Employment opportunities in the 1960s and 70s increased awareness for the need for legislation to better support women's employment.
- Divorce rates, and the availability of childcare facilities, influenced family structures further.
Immigration Policies and Attitudes Towards Ethnic Minorities, 1918-79
- Britain was a multi-ethnic society with waves of migrants entering to escape persecution or make a better life.
- Immigration was affected by post-war economic recovery and the need for labor.
- Racial tensions and discrimination existed throughout the period, escalating during the post-war era.
- The government sought to regulate immigration to deal with social and economic pressures of a growing multi-cultural society.
- The postwar period saw an expansion of racial minority groups settling in Britain and the 1960s, 70s immigration legislation reflected a growing sense of unease and concern about large scale and rapid immigration.
- Racial conflicts created a backlash concerning immigration.
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Description
Explore the transformations in British society from 1918 to 1979, focusing on class structure, personal freedoms, and women's rights. This quiz covers significant events like the Profumo affair, the rise of second-wave feminism, and the fight against discrimination. Assess your understanding of how these changes shaped modern Britain.
