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Questions and Answers
What was the immediate outcome of the 1215 Magna Carta as a peace treaty?
What was the immediate outcome of the 1215 Magna Carta as a peace treaty?
- It was widely accepted and led to a long period of peace
- It was declared invalid by the Pope (correct)
- It was ratified by the English Parliament
- It was rejected by the nobles and led to a civil war
What was the significance of the 39th clause of the Magna Carta?
What was the significance of the 39th clause of the Magna Carta?
- It allowed the king to arrest and imprison anyone without trial
- It ensured that no man shall be arrested or imprisoned except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land (correct)
- It granted the nobles the right to declare war on the king
- It established the power of the monarch to levy taxes without consent
What was the purpose of the Shire reeves sending elected representatives to consult with the king in 1254?
What was the purpose of the Shire reeves sending elected representatives to consult with the king in 1254?
- To elect a new king
- To discuss issues related to taxation (correct)
- To declare war on the king
- To raise taxes without the king's consent
What was the outcome of the noblemen's meeting at Oxford in 1258?
What was the outcome of the noblemen's meeting at Oxford in 1258?
What was the significance of the Magna Carta in the development of English Law?
What was the significance of the Magna Carta in the development of English Law?
What was the composition of Parliament by 1295?
What was the composition of Parliament by 1295?
What was the limitation on the monarch's power established by the Magna Carta?
What was the limitation on the monarch's power established by the Magna Carta?
What was the significance of the 12th clause of the Magna Carta?
What was the significance of the 12th clause of the Magna Carta?
Who reissued the Magna Carta after its initial failure?
Who reissued the Magna Carta after its initial failure?
What was the significance of the Magna Carta in the development of traditional English respect for individual rights and liberties?
What was the significance of the Magna Carta in the development of traditional English respect for individual rights and liberties?
Study Notes
Development of English Parliament
- In 1295, Edward I called the Model Parliament, which included Nobles, Knights, and Burgesses (commoners from villages or burghs), to support his war with France.
House of Commons and House of Lords
- The House of Commons was created in the 1300s by Burgesses, Knights, and leading citizens.
- The House of Lords consisted of Nobles and Bishops.
Three Conflicts with Monarch and Parliament
- Puritans wanted a more fundamental version of the English Church, opposing King James I's rule (1603-1625).
- King James I used his private court (Star Chamber) and ignored the parliamentary court system of Common Law.
- King James I wanted more money for wars and a more extravagant life, which led to conflicts with Parliament.
House of Commons Gains Power
- The House of Commons controlled the Power of the Purse, raising taxes for the government and wars.
- Both Houses met in the House of Commons, growing in strength.
King Charles I and Parliament
- King Charles I (1625-1649) wanted absolute rule and the Divine Right of Kings, opposed by Parliament.
- Charles I was forced to sign the Petition of Right, ensuring no taxation without Parliament's consent or illegal imprisonment of citizens.
- Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 but recalled them in 1640 when Scotland invaded, leading to the Civil War (1642-1649).
The Magna Carta
- In 1215, King John of England faced opposition from Barons due to heavy taxation and harsh punishments for non-payment.
- The Barons created the Magna Carta, a 63-clause contract limiting the monarch's power.
- The Magna Carta stated that the rule of Law could overrule the king and protected individual rights and liberties.
- Magna Carta was reissued under Henry III (1216-1272) and Edward I (1272-1307), becoming part of English Law.
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Description
Learn about the creation of the English Parliament, from Edward I's Model Parliament in 1295 to the permanent establishment of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Discover how representatives of counties and towns became a permanent part of Parliament.
