British Colonial Rule in Malaya (1870s-1920s)
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Questions and Answers

What was the era of Pax Britannica characterized by?

  • The rise of colonial independence movements
  • Widespread conflict across Europe
  • British dominance in global naval control (correct)
  • The decline of the British Empire

    • Germany emerged as a new imperial power in Europe after 1870, seeking to establish naval stations in Southeast Asia.

    True (A)

    What treaty was signed in 1824 to establish spheres of influence between the Dutch and the British?

    Anglo-Dutch Treaty

    The British established several key trading bases as the __________ to ensure trading security and control Dutch competition.

    <p>Straits Settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Pax Britannica = A period of British global dominance Anglo-Dutch Treaty = Agreement establishing trading spheres in 1824 Straits Settlement = British-administered trading bases in Southeast Asia Germany = Newly emerged imperial power after 1870</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason the British did not see the benefit of controlling inland Malaya beyond the Straits Settlements?

    <p>It served no purpose towards maintaining their trading dominance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The northern Malay kingdoms were independent and vassals of Siam at the same time.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the Forward Movement in Malaya from 1873 onwards?

    <p>Change in British government focus towards boosting Britain's prestige.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conflicts in Perak were ignited by succession disputes after the death of Sultan _____.

    <p>Ali</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following figures or groups involved in the Perak conflict:

    <p>Sultan Ali = Deceased Sultan whose death sparked the conflict Chinese miners = Groups that were enlisted for support Sir Andrew Clarke = Governor of Straits Settlements who intervened Secret societies = Organizations that played a role in the conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main motivations for British intervention in Perak?

    <p>Fear of disruption in trade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conflicts ensued in Perak after the succession disputes?

    <p>Civil war and multiple conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key reasons for British intervention in Malaya during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>Need for new markets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 decreased the trade volume and increased piracy.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the Larut Wars primarily about?

    <p>Fighting among tin miners for control over territories and water supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British intervened in Malaya partly to maintain the balance of ________ against German influence.

    <p>power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the reason for British intervention in Malaya with its corresponding description:

    <p>Search for raw materials = Discovery of tin and rubber deposits Establish social stability = Control of conflicts between tin miners Need for new bases = Control over naval trade routes Maintain Balance of Power = Prevent German influence in Southeast Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials led to British interest in Malaya?

    <p>Tin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Britain feared that Germany would set up a trading post in Northern Malaya.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic development saw new products being created during the Industrial Revolution?

    <p>New technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    British traders were concerned about the ________ rivalry in the East Indies.

    <p>Dutch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tin deposits in Malaya were primarily located in which states?

    <p>Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary cause of the Larut Wars?

    <p>Competition among secret societies for control of tin mines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Pangkor Treaty was signed to increase the Sultan of Perak's authority over mining operations.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the governor that decided to settle the quarrels amongst the Chinese miners and Perak chiefs?

    <p>Sir Andrew Clarke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ was signed on 20 January 1874 aboard a British ship.

    <p>Pangkor Treaty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Resident introduced by the Pangkor Treaty?

    <p>To have a direct British control over local matters. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The signing of the Pangkor Treaty ended all conflicts in Malaya immediately.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two main secret societies involved in the tin mining conflicts?

    <p>Gin Hee and Hai San</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Larut Wars occurred from __________ to __________.

    <p>1865, 1867</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Pax Britannica

    A period when Britain was the dominant global power from the early 19th century.

    Free Trade Imperialism

    An economic policy where countries expand their empires while promoting free trade.

    Anglo-Dutch Treaty

    The 1824 agreement that divided spheres of influence in Southeast Asia between the British and Dutch.

    Straits Settlement

    British territories in Southeast Asia established to secure trade routes and counter Dutch influence.

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    Emergence of Germany

    Germany became a new imperial power around 1870, expanding its influence in Southeast Asia.

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    British Sphere of Influence

    British interests and control in Malaya's trading regions without direct governance.

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    Malayan Sultanates

    Independent kingdoms in Malaya, with some vassals to Siam, not directly ruled by British.

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    Forward Movement

    Post-1873 shift in British policy towards greater intervention in Malaya for prestige and control.

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    Intervention in Perak

    British actions towards managing conflicts in Perak due to threats to trade from civil disputes.

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    Succession Disputes

    Disagreements over leadership after Sultan Ali's death, leading to conflicts in Perak.

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    Chinese Miners' Role

    Chinese workers involved in the Perak conflicts, influencing the succession disputes for support.

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    Search for Raw Materials

    Britain sought raw materials to support industrial growth during the Industrial Revolution.

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    Intervention in Malaya

    The British intervened in Malaya to assert control and secure resources and markets.

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    Tin Deposits Discovery

    The discovery of tin in Malaya was vital for the booming industries in Britain.

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    Rubber Plantations

    Large rubber plantations in Johor supported Britain's industrial growth with raw materials.

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    Larut Wars

    Conflicts among tin miners in Malaya for territory control and access to resources.

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    Pangkor Treaty

    The 1874 agreement settling quarrels between Chinese miners and Perak chiefs led by Sir Andrew Clarke.

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    Balance of Power

    Britain aimed to maintain influence in Southeast Asia amid fears of German expansion.

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    Raja Abdullah

    Perak chief who sought help from secret societies for his claim to the sultanate.

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    Establishing Outposts

    Britain sought to establish more bases for better control of trade routes post-Suez Canal opening.

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    Social Stability

    British intervention aimed to restore order amidst conflicts among local tin miners and princes.

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    Ghee Hins and Hai San

    Two main secret societies competing for control in Larut during the mid-1800s.

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    New Markets

    Britain sought new markets to sell manufactured goods and counter German competition.

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    Introduction of a Resident

    Position created under the Pangkor Treaty overseeing Perak; has more authority than the Sultan.

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    Chinese migrants

    Massive influx of Chinese workers to Malaya for tin mining during the 1840s.

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    Tin mines discovery

    Finding of tin in Larut, Perak in the 1840s, sparking conflict and migration.

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    Sir Andrew Clarke

    Governor of Straits Settlements responsible for orchestrating the Pangkor Treaty.

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    Sultan Ismail

    Opposing Sultan during the Larut Wars who supported Hai San.

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    Study Notes

    British Colonial Rule in Malaya, 1870s - 1920s: Reasons for Intervention

    • The period prior to 1870 was known as Pax Britannica.
    • This was a period where Britain was the leading global power, with a dominant navy controlling the seas.
    • Free trade imperialism was the prevailing economic system during this era.
    • Britain formed a vast empire.
    • In the 1870s, geopolitical changes were occurring in Europe. Germany emerged as a new imperial power.
    • European powers began expanding their influence and possessions in Southeast Asia.
    • The British established trading bases across the region, mainly focused on establishing routes to trade with India and China.
    • The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 established spheres of influence between the Dutch and British.
    • Britain controlled the Straits Settlements by 1826. This gave them strategic control of critical trading areas.
    • Internal disputes and conflicts in regions like Perak, contributed to instability and prompted British intervention.

    Reasons for British Intervention in Malaya

    • Economic Motives (Gold): The British sought raw materials (tin, rubber) for their industrial revolution. They also aimed to secure new markets for goods. Their control over resources helped them acquire these materials at a lower cost.
    • Political and Social Stability (God): Internal conflicts, especially succession struggles, caused great instability, threatening trade routes. The British aimed to restore order and create stability, making it easier to control the region.
    • Maintaining Balance of Power (Glory): The British feared competitors (like Germany and France) gaining influence in the region and disrupting established trading arrangements. Thus, they sought to maintain control over important trade routes.
    • Strategic Importance: The British saw importance in securing critical trade routes connecting to India and China. The Suez Canal's opening increased trade volume and the need for strategic ports controlled by the British.
    • The Need for Naval Bases: The British needed more bases along their trading routes to protect their ships and goods. They wanted to secure control over naval routes and suppress piracy.

    The Forward Movement and the Pangkor Treaty

    • The Forward Movement was a policy change in the British Government focused on boosting prestige.
    • This shift pushed for greater British intervention in Malaya, turning trading posts into colonies.
    • Succession disputes in Perak, as well as other internal conflicts, led to violence, impacting trade and necessitating British intervention.
    • The Pangkor Treaty was an agreement signed in 1874. It was negotiated to resolve conflicts in Perak.
    • The British imposed their administrative system in Perak as a new form of governance, known as the Residential System. This system aimed to establish British control over governance and finance.
    • Initially met with unhappiness by the Malay ruling class, but it eventually became the model for similar administrative systems in other areas of Malaya.

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    Related Documents

    British Colonial Rule in Malaya, 1870s–1920s: Reasons for Intervention PDF

    Description

    Explore the reasons behind British intervention in Malaya during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This quiz covers geopolitical changes, the establishment of trade routes, and the impact of internal conflicts on British colonial policies. Test your understanding of this significant period in Southeast Asian history.

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