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What was a consequence of the British introduction of Western-style education in India?
What was a consequence of the British introduction of Western-style education in India?
- The reduction of cultural diversity in India
- The decline of traditional Indian educational systems (correct)
- The creation of a new Indian language
- The emergence of a new class of Indian-educated Britons
What was the British governance style's approach to maintain control in India?
What was the British governance style's approach to maintain control in India?
- Leveraging religious, caste, and regional differences (correct)
- Establishing a new Indian government
- Uniting religious, caste, and regional differences
- Providing equal opportunities to all Indians
What was the result of the British 'divide and rule' policy in India?
What was the result of the British 'divide and rule' policy in India?
- The reduction of communal tensions
- The fostering of divisions that had long-lasting impacts (correct)
- The empowerment of Indian women
- The creation of a unified Indian society
Who were the leaders of the nationalist movements in India?
Who were the leaders of the nationalist movements in India?
What was the outcome of the nationalist movements in India?
What was the outcome of the nationalist movements in India?
What was the impact of the British introduction of Western-style education on the Indian middle class?
What was the impact of the British introduction of Western-style education on the Indian middle class?
What was the effect of the British 'divide and rule' policy on Indian society?
What was the effect of the British 'divide and rule' policy on Indian society?
What was the nature of the resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru?
What was the nature of the resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru?
What was the issue with the Board of Control and the Court of Directors of the company?
What was the issue with the Board of Control and the Court of Directors of the company?
What was the result of the Charter Act of 1833?
What was the result of the Charter Act of 1833?
Who was the founder of the Civil Service in India?
Who was the founder of the Civil Service in India?
Why were Indians not allowed to hold certain posts in the Civil Service?
Why were Indians not allowed to hold certain posts in the Civil Service?
What was the strength of the Indian sepoy recruits?
What was the strength of the Indian sepoy recruits?
Who was the Superintendent of Police in Calcutta?
Who was the Superintendent of Police in Calcutta?
What was the issue with the police system?
What was the issue with the police system?
Who was eligible for higher posts in the police system?
Who was eligible for higher posts in the police system?
What was a potential consequence of the introduction of Western-style education in India?
What was a potential consequence of the introduction of Western-style education in India?
What was established in 1793 in Bengal?
What was established in 1793 in Bengal?
What was the result of the British 'divide and rule' policy in India?
What was the result of the British 'divide and rule' policy in India?
What was the outcome of discrimination against Indians in responsible offices?
What was the outcome of discrimination against Indians in responsible offices?
What was the significance of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the significance of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the role of the Board of Control under Pitt's India Act of 1784?
What was the role of the Board of Control under Pitt's India Act of 1784?
What is the purpose of the Law commission?
What is the purpose of the Law commission?
What was the impact of the British governance style on Indians?
What was the impact of the British governance style on Indians?
What was the reason for the failure of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the reason for the failure of the Regulating Act of 1773?
What is the deadline for submitting the Extended Research activity?
What is the deadline for submitting the Extended Research activity?
What was the significance of Pitt's India Act of 1784?
What was the significance of Pitt's India Act of 1784?
What was the potential consequence of the cultural shift resulting from the introduction of Western-style education in India?
What was the potential consequence of the cultural shift resulting from the introduction of Western-style education in India?
What was the role of the Governor General under the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the role of the Governor General under the Regulating Act of 1773?
What was the significance of the British administration in India from 1858 to 1947?
What was the significance of the British administration in India from 1858 to 1947?
What was the primary purpose of the development of infrastructure by the British?
What was the primary purpose of the development of infrastructure by the British?
What was the impact of the land revenue systems introduced by the British on Indian farmers?
What was the impact of the land revenue systems introduced by the British on Indian farmers?
What was the significance of the three Presidencies mentioned in the text?
What was the significance of the three Presidencies mentioned in the text?
What was the primary focus of the British colonial government in India?
What was the primary focus of the British colonial government in India?
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Study Notes
British Administration in India (1858-1947)
- Characterized by centralization of power with the Viceroy and British officials holding significant authority
- Implemented reforms and policies to consolidate British control and exploit India's resources for the benefit of the British Empire
Economic Impact
- Introduced new land revenue systems: Permanent Settlement and Ryotwari system
- Fundamentally altered traditional agrarian practices
- Placed heavy tax burdens on farmers, leading to widespread poverty and frequent famines
- Developed infrastructure: railways, telegraphs, and ports
- Primarily to facilitate the extraction and transportation of raw materials
Social Impact
- Introduced Western-style education
- Created a new class of English-educated Indians
- Led to cultural alienation and the undermining of traditional Indian educational systems
- Fostered divisions within Indian society through the "divide and rule" policy
- Leveraged religious, caste, and regional differences to maintain control
- Contributed to communal tensions that persisted even after India's independence
Nationalist Movements
- Led to the rise of nationalist movements and resistance against colonial rule
- Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru mobilized the masses through campaigns of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience
- Ultimately led to India's independence in 1947
Failure of Dual Government in Bengal
- Failure due to lack of definition of powers between the Governor General and the council
- No clear boundaries between the responsibilities of the Board of Control and the Court of Directors of the East India Company
Acts Enacted by the British Parliament
- Regulating Act 1773
- Pitt's India Act 1784
- Charter Act 1813
- Charter Act 1833
Pillars of British Administration
1. Civil Services
- Founded by Lord Cornwallis
- Banned presents and bribes
- Arranged good salaries
- Competitive exams introduced in 1853
2. Army
- Indian sepoys
- 2,00,000 Indian soldier recruits
- Loyal and disciplined
- Trained in the latest arms
3. Police
- Established under Lord Cornwallis
- Maintained law and order
- Superintendent of Police - Calcutta
- Cities - Kotwals
- Sub-divisions of districts - Darogas
- Village policemen - Chowkidars
- Corruption and harassment of commoners
- British were eligible for higher posts
4. Judiciary
- Earlier laws were based on custom and tradition
- Bengal Regulation 1793 - customs and traditions put down as laws
- Civil courts and criminal courts were set up
- Law commission was appointed
- Rule of law was established
Discrimination Against Indians
- Absence of Indians in responsible offices
- Given only subordinate positions
- To ensure growth of British ideas and practices
- Injustice and economic exploitation
- Sparked an urge to protest for independence
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