Britain Transformed, 1918-79: Welfare State Quiz

Unemployment in Britain between the end of the 1920s and mid-1940s, persistently above 1 million, reaching over 3 million in the early 1930s.

A self-funded scheme providing unemployment benefits, reliant on individuals' contributions.

A system of relief for the poor, distinguishing between 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor.

Returning troops and civilians faced challenges accessing benefits under the existing National Insurance scheme, lacking sufficient contributions etc.

Short-term solution to unemployment; distributed as "out-of-work donation" due to issues with the National Insurance scheme and financial concerns.

Government concerns that dole payments would potentially encourage individuals to rely on unearned income rather than finding employment.

A temporary payment given to unemployed people and returning soldiers instead of direct unemployment benefits.

Interwar governments searched to find ways to support the unemployed while also managing the government's finances.

World War II prompted significant changes in the British healthcare system, resulting in the creation of the National Health Service (NHS).

A national healthcare service established in 1939 to treat military personnel and later civilians, funded by the government.

A system of blood transfusion depots established in 1938, funded by the government, for military personnel and later for civilians.

William Beveridge, inspired by the wartime success of state-funded healthcare, advocated for a National Health Service as a key element of social security.

A government document outlining the plans for a National Health Service, influenced heavily by Beveridge's report.

The landmark legislation establishing the National Health Service, making healthcare free at the point of use for all citizens.

Despite the wartime success of state-funded healthcare, there were challenges to overcome in establishing the NHS, like funding and organizational structures.

The creation of a National Health Service (NHS) in the UK, making healthcare universally free and accessible at the point of service.

The political commitment to address the complexities of healthcare and overcome vested interests in reforming the healthcare system.

Healthcare in Britain before the NHS, a combination of state and private services with various agencies (Poor Law, etc).

Significant revelation of inadequacies in British healthcare due to high rates of unfit soldiers during WWI.

Existing powerful groups or organizations with significant influence over healthcare provision, often hindering reform.

The Second World War dramatically changed political views and expectations for healthcare systems to become a political priority.

A government body established in 1919 to oversee healthcare, but lacked the authority to initiate major system changes in the UK.

Limited reforms were attempted in the 1970s, but significant system overhauls were not introduced until the 1990s.

Secondary schools in England that offered a selective, academic curriculum and often had higher standards, leading to better educational opportunities for those who attended.

Secondary schools in England that offered a less selective curriculum and generally catered to a wider range of abilities, often with fewer resources and lower expectations.

Secondary schools in England that focused on practical skills and vocational training, often linked to trades or industries.

Landmark legislation in England that aimed to provide equal educational opportunities for all students, introducing a comprehensive system of primary and secondary schools, including grammar schools, secondary moderns, and technical schools.

A circular issued in 1965 by education minister Anthony Crosland, aiming to modernize and reform the education system, supporting comprehensive schools and emphasizing equality.

A report published in 1963 that recommended expanding university education in Britain. It led to a significant increase in university enrollment, particularly among women.

The idea that all individuals should have equal access to education, regardless of their social background or financial status. This was a major goal of post-war education reforms.

The ability of individuals to move up or down the social hierarchy based on their achievements, skills, and opportunities. Increased university education was a key factor in promoting upward social mobility.

A landmark act that introduced a tripartite system of secondary education in Britain, including grammar schools, secondary modern schools, and technical schools. It aimed to provide more equal access to education by making secondary education compulsory.

Non-selective secondary schools in Britain that aimed to provide a more equal education for all students, regardless of their academic abilities. They promoted equality of opportunity and reduced social segregation in education.

A standardized test used in Britain to select students for grammar schools. It was controversial for its potential to advantage children from privileged backgrounds and disadvantages less privileged students.

A series of critical essays published in the 1970s that argued for a return to more traditional methods of education and criticized the progressive education movement. They raised concerns about declining standards in education.

The first successful full hip replacement surgery was performed in 1962, marking a significant advancement in medical technology and treatment options for joint conditions.

The first heart transplant in Britain took place in 1968, demonstrating the progress being made in complex transplant procedures.

Invented in 1972, the CT scanner revolutionized medical imaging, allowing for detailed internal views of the body, improving diagnosis and treatment.

Established in 1948, the NHS made healthcare available to all citizens of Britain, free at the point of service, marking a significant social change in the UK.

Post-war healthcare improvements, driven by medical advances and rising expectations, led to significant increases in healthcare costs in the UK, posing challenges for the NHS.

The early 20th century in Britain saw a gradual shift towards wider education access, but remained uneven, with compulsory education introduced only in 1872 for Scotland and 1880 for England and Wales.

This landmark legislation aimed to create a more equitable education system in Britain, establishing different types of secondary schools (grammar, modern, technical) and making secondary education compulsory.

Post-First World War, the number of students attending university increased significantly, particularly with the recommendations of the Robbins report (1963) and the rise of comprehensive schools.