Questions and Answers
What is the frequency of inspection of a bridge under the Indian Railways Bridge Manual?
What is the purpose of the bridge inspection register?
What is the frequency of inspection of a bridge that is under observation?
What is the purpose of the certification of inspection?
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What is the responsibility of the bridge inspector?
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What is the frequency of inspection of a bridge that is under special repairs?
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What is the purpose of the bridge inspection report?
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What is the responsibility of the nominated officer in charge of bridges?
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When should the inspection of foundations be made?
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What is the purpose of the Assistant Engineer's certificate?
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Who should inspect bridges with Condition Rating Number (CRN) as zero?
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What should the Assistant Engineer do with the bridge inspection register after completion?
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What is the purpose of the Divisional Engineer's scrutiny of the bridge inspection register?
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What is the deadline for the Divisional Engineer to complete his scrutiny and inspection?
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What is the purpose of the Divisional Engineer's certificate?
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Who is included in the term 'Divisional Engineers'?
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What is the primary purpose of inspecting the protective works during bridge inspection?
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What is the recommended course of action for deficiencies noticed in the marginal embankments?
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What is the purpose of inspecting the waterway during bridge inspection?
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What should be inspected to ensure the girders are properly seated on the piers and abutments?
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What should be inspected to ensure the girders can expand and contract freely?
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What should be inspected to detect any signs of corrosion or damage in the metal bearings?
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What should be inspected to ensure the bearings are properly lubricated?
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What is the purpose of inspecting the pitching reserves during bridge inspection?
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What is the primary purpose of observing girders under train load?
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Where should one look for diagonal cracks in the web of main girders?
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What should be checked in the bearing area of PSC girders?
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What should be done if a girder is found to be lifting off its bearings and 'hammering'?
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How should looseness of HSFG bolts be detected during inspection?
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Why is it important to clear the ballast before examining the deck slab?
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What should be done with broken or loose HSFG bolts?
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What is the significance of rust streaks or stain marks parallel to the reinforcement?
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When should HSFG bolts be used for replacement of joints?
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What should be done in cases of spalling caused by separation of the concrete from the reinforcement?
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What is the primary purpose of inspecting triangulated spans?
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What is the significance of scaling in concrete?
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What should be done with regard to surface preparation when using HSFG bolts for replacement of joints?
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What should be looked for to identify signs of disintegration of concrete?
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What should be checked for in addition to seepage and leakage?
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What should be taken into consideration when designing joints for replacement with HSFG bolts?
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What is the primary cause of departure from line in track on the bridge?
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What should be checked to ensure that the girders can expand and contract freely?
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What should be provided on sleepers that have developed end splits?
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Why should hook bolts be oiled periodically?
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What should be checked to ensure that the rails are properly seated on the sleepers?
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What should be done to defective rails?
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What should be checked to ensure that the switch expansion joints are not hindered?
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What should be checked to ensure that the girders are properly seated on the piers and abutments?
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What is the primary purpose of inspecting the protective works during bridge inspection?
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What is the primary purpose of health monitoring of very important bridges?
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What should be examined during bridge inspection to identify any disturbing influences?
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What is one of the tasks to be performed during the inspection of a bridge?
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What should be checked to ensure the girders are properly seated on the piers and abutments?
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What should be checked during the inspection of a bridge?
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According to the Indian Railways Bridge Manual, how frequently should bridges be inspected in very aggressive environments?
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What should be done during floods and/or heavy rain?
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What should be inspected to ensure the bearings are properly lubricated?
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What is one of the precautions to be taken against damage by fire?
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What should be inspected to detect any signs of corrosion or damage in the metal bearings?
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What should be looked for in areas where strong rush of water and heavy afflux occur?
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What should be checked during the inspection of a bridge's watchman?
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What does the Condition Rating Number (CRN) represent?
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What should be inspected to ensure the girders can expand and contract freely?
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What equipment may be arranged by the Railways to enable effective inspection of bridges?
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How is the Overall Condition Rating Number (OCR) calculated?
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What should be surveyed during the inspection of a bridge?
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What should be checked during the inspection of a bridge's guide banks?
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What should be inspected to identify any deficiencies in the marginal embankments?
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What happens if a bridge component is not inspected?
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What is the purpose of taking soundings with the help of echo sounders or probing with the help of log lines?
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What should be inspected during bridge inspection to ensure the waterway is adequate and clear?
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What is the purpose of the 851 number?
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What is one of the tasks to be performed during the inspection of a bridge?
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Why may traffic be suspended in certain situations?
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What should be inspected during the inspection of a bridge?
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What is the significance of the digits in the 851 number?
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What should be done if scour is detected during inspection?
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What is the purpose of assigning a Condition Rating Number (CRN) to a bridge component?
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What happens if a bridge component has a CRN of 0?
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What is the significance of the lowest CRN of a bridge component?
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Study Notes
Bridge Inspection by Bridge Inspectors
- Bridge inspectors should inspect bridges in detail, including superstructure, bearings, and foundations.
- Inspections should be carried out every five years, with the first inspection one year after installation.
- Inspectors should inspect all pressure-grouted prestressed concrete bridges every five years.
- Inspectors should inspect all bridges under observation at least once a year.
- Inspectors should inspect all bridges with a history of defects at least once a year.
Inspection Registers
- The following inspection registers should be maintained by the Bridge Inspector:
- Inspection register for major works
- Special testing register
- Register for pressure-grouted prestressed concrete bridges
- Certificate of inspection for the year
Certificate of Inspection
- The Bridge Inspector should certify the inspection report at the end of the register.
- The certificate should include the following information:
- The bridges inspected during the year
- The date of inspection
- The results of the inspection
- Any defects or recommendations for repairs
Inspection of Foundations
- The inspection of foundations should be made as soon as possible after water dries up or conditions make it possible.
- Results should be recorded as supplementary entries in the register.
Inspection of Bridge Components
- Bridge components with a Condition Rating Number (CRN) of zero should be inspected by the Assistant Engineer at the earliest.
- All important bridges and bridges called for inspection by the Divisional Engineer should be inspected.
Certificate by Divisional Engineer
- The Divisional Engineer should certify the inspection report after scrutinizing the Assistant Engineer's Bridge Inspection Register.
- The certificate should include the following information:
- The bridges inspected during the year
- The date of inspection
- The results of the inspection
- Any defects or recommendations for repairs
Inspection of Protective Works and Waterways
- The Divisional Engineer should inspect protective works and waterways to ensure they are in sound condition and adequate.
- The following should be inspected:
- Pitching reserves
- Toe walls
- Flooring
- Drop/curtain walls
- Guide bunds
- Launching aprons
- Spurs/groynes
- Approach banks
- Marginal bunds
Inspection of Girder Alignment and Seatings
- The Divisional Engineer should inspect girder alignment and seatings to ensure they are correct and in good condition.
- The following should be inspected:
- Position of girders relative to piers and abutments
- Bearings and bed blocks
- Rollers and sliding plates
- Date of lubrication of girder bearings
- Metal bearings for cracks or corrosion
- Bed timbers for crushing or decay
- Elastomeric bearings for cracks or deformation
- Bearings provided with oil bath for oil level and dust
Inspection of Structural Condition of Girders
- The Divisional Engineer should inspect the structural condition of girders to ensure they are satisfactory.
- The following should be inspected:
- HSFG bolts for broken or loose bolts
- Use of HSFG bolts for replacement of isolated loose rivets
- Surface preparation and joint design for replacement of girder components
- Camber in triangulated spans
- Distortion of members
- High incidence of loose rivets
- Diagonal cracks in the web of main girders near the support
- Flexural cracks in the area of tension steel
- Cracks near the bearings and longitudinal cracks at supports of slabs or beam near junction of main girder with deck slab
- Depth of ballast cushion under the track sleepers
- Deck slab for signs of cracking/disintegration and dampness
- Waterproof layer, if provided, for integrity
- Rust streaks/stain marks parallel to reinforcement
- Spalling and presence of rust streaks as indicators of corrosion
- Location, depth, and area/size of spalling
- Scaling, i.e., gradual and continuing loss of surface mortar and aggregate over an area
Condition of Bridge Components (CRN)
- CRN (Condition Rating Number) is a rating system to evaluate the condition of bridge components
- Eight conditions are defined, ranging from $1 ( Excellent condition) to $8 (Sound condition) and $9 (Not applicable) and $0 (Not inspected)
Assignment of CRN
- Each bridge component is assigned a CRN based on its condition
- The lowest CRN value is used to represent the overall condition of the bridge component
Inspection of Bridges
- The overall rating of a bridge is determined by considering the CRN values of its individual components
- The rating is calculated by taking the lowest CRN value among all the components
Inspection of Bridges (continued)
- The inspection process involves checking the condition of various bridge components, including:
- Protective works and waterways
- Girder alignment and seatings
- Track on bridge approaches
- Sleepers and fastenings
- Hook bolts and rail joints
- Soundings around piers and abutments
- River and flood registers
Precautions against Damage by Fire
- Precautions against damage by fire should be adequate
- Sand bins on long girders should be kept filled
Equipment of Watchman
- The watchman posted at the bridge site should have the necessary equipment
- The watchman's knowledge of rules should be satisfactory
Health Monitoring of Very Important Bridges
- Health monitoring of very important bridges should be done periodically by an independent agency
- The periodicity of health monitoring is recommended based on the environment (aggressive or mild)
Special Inspection during Monsoon
- During floods and heavy rain, the Assistant Engineer, Permanent Way Inspector, or Inspector of Works should inspect bridges and allied works frequently
- They should look for signs of danger, such as eddies and backwaters, and take necessary precautions, including suspending traffic if necessary
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Description
This quiz covers the guidelines and procedures for bridge inspectors to follow during inspections. It includes details on the frequency and scope of inspections.