Bridge Inspection Guidelines
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Questions and Answers

What is the frequency of inspection of a bridge under the Indian Railways Bridge Manual?

  • Once in five years (correct)
  • Once a year
  • Once in ten years
  • Once in three years

    • What is the purpose of the bridge inspection register?

  • To record the results of the bridge inspection (correct)
  • To certify the bridge construction
  • To schedule the bridge inspection
  • To approve the bridge design

    • What is the frequency of inspection of a bridge that is under observation?

  • At least once a year (correct)
  • Once in two years
  • Once in three years
  • Once a year

    • What is the purpose of the certification of inspection?

    <p>To confirm that the bridge inspection was carried out in accordance with the standing orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the bridge inspector?

    <p>To inspect the bridge and report any defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of inspection of a bridge that is under special repairs?

    <p>Once a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the bridge inspection report?

    <p>To record the results of the bridge inspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the responsibility of the nominated officer in charge of bridges?

    <p>To receive the bridge inspection report and take action on any defects found</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the inspection of foundations be made?

    <p>When water dries up or conditions make it possible to do so</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Assistant Engineer's certificate?

    <p>To certify that the annual bridge inspection is completed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should inspect bridges with Condition Rating Number (CRN) as zero?

    <p>The Assistant Engineer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Assistant Engineer do with the bridge inspection register after completion?

    <p>Send it to the Divisional Engineer for review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Divisional Engineer's scrutiny of the bridge inspection register?

    <p>To record orders regarding points that require a decision by him</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deadline for the Divisional Engineer to complete his scrutiny and inspection?

    <p>By a specified date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Divisional Engineer's certificate?

    <p>To certify that the bridge inspection is completed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is included in the term 'Divisional Engineers'?

    <p>Senior Divisional Engineers who have the same duties as Divisional Engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inspecting the protective works during bridge inspection?

    <p>To ascertain whether the protective works are in sound condition and adequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action for deficiencies noticed in the marginal embankments?

    <p>Inform the concerned State Government authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inspecting the waterway during bridge inspection?

    <p>To ensure the waterway is adequate and clear of obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to ensure the girders are properly seated on the piers and abutments?

    <p>The bearings and the holding down bolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to ensure the girders can expand and contract freely?

    <p>The rollers and the sliding plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to detect any signs of corrosion or damage in the metal bearings?

    <p>The metal bearings and the oil bath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to ensure the bearings are properly lubricated?

    <p>The metal bearings and the oil bath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inspecting the pitching reserves during bridge inspection?

    <p>To check the availability and adequacy of the pitching reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of observing girders under train load?

    <p>To identify any abnormal movement or evidence of settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should one look for diagonal cracks in the web of main girders?

    <p>At the supports of slabs or beam near junction of main girder with deck slab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked in the bearing area of PSC girders?

    <p>For cracks and damage to the anchorage zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a girder is found to be lifting off its bearings and 'hammering'?

    <p>It should be specially reported</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should looseness of HSFG bolts be detected during inspection?

    <p>By looking for rust appearing beneath the bolt head/washer/nut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to clear the ballast before examining the deck slab?

    <p>To check for any signs of cracking or disintegration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with broken or loose HSFG bolts?

    <p>They should be marked and replaced expeditiously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of rust streaks or stain marks parallel to the reinforcement?

    <p>Indication of corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should HSFG bolts be used for replacement of joints?

    <p>When any girder component/joint is to be replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done in cases of spalling caused by separation of the concrete from the reinforcement?

    <p>Expose the reinforcement to check for corrosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inspecting triangulated spans?

    <p>To assess the structural condition of the spans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of scaling in concrete?

    <p>Gradual and continuing loss of surface mortar and aggregate over an area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with regard to surface preparation when using HSFG bolts for replacement of joints?

    <p>Proper surface preparation should be done based on design provisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be looked for to identify signs of disintegration of concrete?

    <p>Signs of poor workmanship, weathering action, or attack by chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for in addition to seepage and leakage?

    <p>Efflorescence and rusting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be taken into consideration when designing joints for replacement with HSFG bolts?

    <p>Particular care should be taken regarding use of appropriate slip factor for the surface preparation done</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of departure from line in track on the bridge?

    <p>Shifting of girders laterally or longitudinally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked to ensure that the girders can expand and contract freely?

    <p>Clearances of running rails over ballast walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided on sleepers that have developed end splits?

    <p>End bolts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should hook bolts be oiled periodically?

    <p>To prevent rusting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked to ensure that the rails are properly seated on the sleepers?

    <p>Squareness of sleepers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to defective rails?

    <p>Replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked to ensure that the switch expansion joints are not hindered?

    <p>Free movement of the switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked to ensure that the girders are properly seated on the piers and abutments?

    <p>General condition of track</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inspecting the protective works during bridge inspection?

    <p>To ascertain their sound condition and adequacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of health monitoring of very important bridges?

    <p>To inspect for material deterioration and system damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be examined during bridge inspection to identify any disturbing influences?

    <p>Excessive velocity, parallel flow, heavy afflux, and tank bursts in catchments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the tasks to be performed during the inspection of a bridge?

    <p>Checking the flood level during monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked to ensure the girders are properly seated on the piers and abutments?

    <p>Bearings and bed blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked during the inspection of a bridge?

    <p>The condition of the river course after monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Indian Railways Bridge Manual, how frequently should bridges be inspected in very aggressive environments?

    <p>Every 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done during floods and/or heavy rain?

    <p>Inspect the bridges and allied works frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to ensure the bearings are properly lubricated?

    <p>Date of lubrication and oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the precautions to be taken against damage by fire?

    <p>Keeping the sand bins on long girders filled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to detect any signs of corrosion or damage in the metal bearings?

    <p>Cracks or corrosion on the metal bearings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be looked for in areas where strong rush of water and heavy afflux occur?

    <p>Eddies and back waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked during the inspection of a bridge's watchman?

    <p>The watchman's knowledge of the bridge's rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Condition Rating Number (CRN) represent?

    <p>The condition of a bridge component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to ensure the girders can expand and contract freely?

    <p>Rollers and sliding plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment may be arranged by the Railways to enable effective inspection of bridges?

    <p>Equipment as suggested in Annexure 11/15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Overall Condition Rating Number (OCR) calculated?

    <p>It is the lowest Condition Rating Number (CRN) of all components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be surveyed during the inspection of a bridge?

    <p>The river course after monsoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked during the inspection of a bridge's guide banks?

    <p>The condition of the guide banks' protection works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected to identify any deficiencies in the marginal embankments?

    <p>Pitching reserves and marginal bunds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a bridge component is not inspected?

    <p>The Condition Rating Number (CRN) is not assigned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking soundings with the help of echo sounders or probing with the help of log lines?

    <p>To detect scour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected during bridge inspection to ensure the waterway is adequate and clear?

    <p>Waterway's obstruction and adequacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 851 number?

    <p>To represent the Overall Condition Rating Number (OCR) of a bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the tasks to be performed during the inspection of a bridge?

    <p>Taking soundings around piers and abutments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may traffic be suspended in certain situations?

    <p>If long lengths of track with a large number of bridges experience a flood situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected during the inspection of a bridge?

    <p>The cross sections of the river during and after floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the digits in the 851 number?

    <p>They represent the CRN of each component in sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if scour is detected during inspection?

    <p>Run out and dump boulders or pitching material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assigning a Condition Rating Number (CRN) to a bridge component?

    <p>To prioritize maintenance activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a bridge component has a CRN of 0?

    <p>It is not inspected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the lowest CRN of a bridge component?

    <p>It represents the overall condition of the bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bridge Inspection by Bridge Inspectors

    • Bridge inspectors should inspect bridges in detail, including superstructure, bearings, and foundations.
    • Inspections should be carried out every five years, with the first inspection one year after installation.
    • Inspectors should inspect all pressure-grouted prestressed concrete bridges every five years.
    • Inspectors should inspect all bridges under observation at least once a year.
    • Inspectors should inspect all bridges with a history of defects at least once a year.

    Inspection Registers

    • The following inspection registers should be maintained by the Bridge Inspector:
      • Inspection register for major works
      • Special testing register
      • Register for pressure-grouted prestressed concrete bridges
      • Certificate of inspection for the year

    Certificate of Inspection

    • The Bridge Inspector should certify the inspection report at the end of the register.
    • The certificate should include the following information:
      • The bridges inspected during the year
      • The date of inspection
      • The results of the inspection
      • Any defects or recommendations for repairs

    Inspection of Foundations

    • The inspection of foundations should be made as soon as possible after water dries up or conditions make it possible.
    • Results should be recorded as supplementary entries in the register.

    Inspection of Bridge Components

    • Bridge components with a Condition Rating Number (CRN) of zero should be inspected by the Assistant Engineer at the earliest.
    • All important bridges and bridges called for inspection by the Divisional Engineer should be inspected.

    Certificate by Divisional Engineer

    • The Divisional Engineer should certify the inspection report after scrutinizing the Assistant Engineer's Bridge Inspection Register.
    • The certificate should include the following information:
      • The bridges inspected during the year
      • The date of inspection
      • The results of the inspection
      • Any defects or recommendations for repairs

    Inspection of Protective Works and Waterways

    • The Divisional Engineer should inspect protective works and waterways to ensure they are in sound condition and adequate.
    • The following should be inspected:
      • Pitching reserves
      • Toe walls
      • Flooring
      • Drop/curtain walls
      • Guide bunds
      • Launching aprons
      • Spurs/groynes
      • Approach banks
      • Marginal bunds

    Inspection of Girder Alignment and Seatings

    • The Divisional Engineer should inspect girder alignment and seatings to ensure they are correct and in good condition.
    • The following should be inspected:
      • Position of girders relative to piers and abutments
      • Bearings and bed blocks
      • Rollers and sliding plates
      • Date of lubrication of girder bearings
      • Metal bearings for cracks or corrosion
      • Bed timbers for crushing or decay
      • Elastomeric bearings for cracks or deformation
      • Bearings provided with oil bath for oil level and dust

    Inspection of Structural Condition of Girders

    • The Divisional Engineer should inspect the structural condition of girders to ensure they are satisfactory.
    • The following should be inspected:
      • HSFG bolts for broken or loose bolts
      • Use of HSFG bolts for replacement of isolated loose rivets
      • Surface preparation and joint design for replacement of girder components
      • Camber in triangulated spans
      • Distortion of members
      • High incidence of loose rivets
      • Diagonal cracks in the web of main girders near the support
      • Flexural cracks in the area of tension steel
      • Cracks near the bearings and longitudinal cracks at supports of slabs or beam near junction of main girder with deck slab
      • Depth of ballast cushion under the track sleepers
      • Deck slab for signs of cracking/disintegration and dampness
      • Waterproof layer, if provided, for integrity
      • Rust streaks/stain marks parallel to reinforcement
      • Spalling and presence of rust streaks as indicators of corrosion
      • Location, depth, and area/size of spalling
      • Scaling, i.e., gradual and continuing loss of surface mortar and aggregate over an area

    Condition of Bridge Components (CRN)

    • CRN (Condition Rating Number) is a rating system to evaluate the condition of bridge components
    • Eight conditions are defined, ranging from $1 ( Excellent condition) to $8 (Sound condition) and $9 (Not applicable) and $0 (Not inspected)

    Assignment of CRN

    • Each bridge component is assigned a CRN based on its condition
    • The lowest CRN value is used to represent the overall condition of the bridge component

    Inspection of Bridges

    • The overall rating of a bridge is determined by considering the CRN values of its individual components
    • The rating is calculated by taking the lowest CRN value among all the components

    Inspection of Bridges (continued)

    • The inspection process involves checking the condition of various bridge components, including:
      • Protective works and waterways
      • Girder alignment and seatings
      • Track on bridge approaches
      • Sleepers and fastenings
      • Hook bolts and rail joints
      • Soundings around piers and abutments
      • River and flood registers

    Precautions against Damage by Fire

    • Precautions against damage by fire should be adequate
    • Sand bins on long girders should be kept filled

    Equipment of Watchman

    • The watchman posted at the bridge site should have the necessary equipment
    • The watchman's knowledge of rules should be satisfactory

    Health Monitoring of Very Important Bridges

    • Health monitoring of very important bridges should be done periodically by an independent agency
    • The periodicity of health monitoring is recommended based on the environment (aggressive or mild)

    Special Inspection during Monsoon

    • During floods and heavy rain, the Assistant Engineer, Permanent Way Inspector, or Inspector of Works should inspect bridges and allied works frequently
    • They should look for signs of danger, such as eddies and backwaters, and take necessary precautions, including suspending traffic if necessary

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    Related Documents

    Bridge Manual 1998-197-220 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the guidelines and procedures for bridge inspectors to follow during inspections. It includes details on the frequency and scope of inspections.

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