Podcast
Questions and Answers
What would be the predicted blood pressure for a patient treated with 20 µg of the drug based on the regression equation y = 120.7 - 0.2x?
What would be the predicted blood pressure for a patient treated with 20 µg of the drug based on the regression equation y = 120.7 - 0.2x?
- 116.7 mmHg
- 100.7 mmHg
- 111.2 mmHg (correct)
- 120.5 mmHg
In the cat food experiment using ANOVA, what is the null hypothesis?
In the cat food experiment using ANOVA, what is the null hypothesis?
- mean A > mean B > mean C
- mean A < mean B < mean C
- mean A = mean B = mean C (correct)
- mean A is not equal to mean B or mean C
Given the p-value of 0.004 in the ANOVA test, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the null hypothesis?
Given the p-value of 0.004 in the ANOVA test, what conclusion can be drawn regarding the null hypothesis?
- The null hypothesis cannot be rejected.
- The null hypothesis is rejected. (correct)
- The p-value indicates no effect.
- The null hypothesis is accepted.
What would the blood pressure be for a subject treated with 0 µg of the drug, using the regression equation provided?
What would the blood pressure be for a subject treated with 0 µg of the drug, using the regression equation provided?
How long is the statistics exam?
How long is the statistics exam?
What percentage of the unit mark does the statistics exam represent?
What percentage of the unit mark does the statistics exam represent?
What is required to be brought into the statistics exam?
What is required to be brought into the statistics exam?
How many multiple-choice questions (MCQs) will there be on statistical theory and application?
How many multiple-choice questions (MCQs) will there be on statistical theory and application?
What should you do before the exam regarding Data Set One?
What should you do before the exam regarding Data Set One?
What is the maximum number of printed pages you can bring into the statistics exam?
What is the maximum number of printed pages you can bring into the statistics exam?
During the exam, what must you do with your answers?
During the exam, what must you do with your answers?
Which of the following items is NOT allowed in the statistics exam?
Which of the following items is NOT allowed in the statistics exam?
What is the mean of the given distribution of values: 924 g, 876 g, 703 g, 776 g, and 1032 g?
What is the mean of the given distribution of values: 924 g, 876 g, 703 g, 776 g, and 1032 g?
What does a Z-score of 0.67 indicate regarding a value's position in relation to the mean?
What does a Z-score of 0.67 indicate regarding a value's position in relation to the mean?
If the average exam score is 48% and the standard deviation is 12%, what percentage of students scored above 60%?
If the average exam score is 48% and the standard deviation is 12%, what percentage of students scored above 60%?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the central limit theorem when N exceeds 30?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the central limit theorem when N exceeds 30?
What is the standard deviation of the sample means if the population standard deviation is 6.8 g and N equals 4?
What is the standard deviation of the sample means if the population standard deviation is 6.8 g and N equals 4?
What proportion of values lies within +/- 1.96 standard deviations from the mean in a normal distribution?
What proportion of values lies within +/- 1.96 standard deviations from the mean in a normal distribution?
In the context of the normal distribution stated, what is the approximate percentage of values that lie within one standard deviation of the mean?
In the context of the normal distribution stated, what is the approximate percentage of values that lie within one standard deviation of the mean?
What is the meaning of the symbol σ (sigma) in the context of the normal distribution?
What is the meaning of the symbol σ (sigma) in the context of the normal distribution?
What is the correct formula for calculating degrees of freedom when estimating the population mean?
What is the correct formula for calculating degrees of freedom when estimating the population mean?
What does a t-score represent in the context of estimating the population mean?
What does a t-score represent in the context of estimating the population mean?
Given a mean value of 82 pM and a standard deviation of 16 pM for five volunteers' samples, what is the standard error of the mean?
Given a mean value of 82 pM and a standard deviation of 16 pM for five volunteers' samples, what is the standard error of the mean?
What is the appropriate multiplier for the t-score at a 95% confidence level with 4 degrees of freedom?
What is the appropriate multiplier for the t-score at a 95% confidence level with 4 degrees of freedom?
What is the width of the 95% confidence interval for the mean concentration of the hormone in the population?
What is the width of the 95% confidence interval for the mean concentration of the hormone in the population?
Why is the t-distribution used instead of the normal distribution in this context?
Why is the t-distribution used instead of the normal distribution in this context?
In statistical terms, what does a confidence interval indicate?
In statistical terms, what does a confidence interval indicate?
If you increase the sample size in this experiment, what effect will it have on the width of the confidence interval?
If you increase the sample size in this experiment, what effect will it have on the width of the confidence interval?
What does a Type I error indicate in hypothesis testing?
What does a Type I error indicate in hypothesis testing?
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
What is the purpose of the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
In a clinical trial, what is the purpose of calculating a risk ratio?
In a clinical trial, what is the purpose of calculating a risk ratio?
How is correlation typically quantified in bivariate data analysis?
How is correlation typically quantified in bivariate data analysis?
In the context of the provided data, what does a p-value of 0.025 signify?
In the context of the provided data, what does a p-value of 0.025 signify?
Which statistical test is appropriate to compare the sample mean of 82 pM to the population reference value of 78 pM?
Which statistical test is appropriate to compare the sample mean of 82 pM to the population reference value of 78 pM?
What does the slope (b) in a regression equation represent?
What does the slope (b) in a regression equation represent?
Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of a scatter plot?
Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of a scatter plot?
How can a researcher reduce the likelihood of a Type I error?
How can a researcher reduce the likelihood of a Type I error?
What does a standard deviation of 16 pM indicate in the context of the hormone concentrations?
What does a standard deviation of 16 pM indicate in the context of the hormone concentrations?
In the context of drug trials, what does an alpha value (e.g., 0.05) signify?
In the context of drug trials, what does an alpha value (e.g., 0.05) signify?
What does a Type II error mean in hypothesis testing?
What does a Type II error mean in hypothesis testing?
What does the term 'bivariate data' refer to?
What does the term 'bivariate data' refer to?
What does the chi-squared test determine in a study?
What does the chi-squared test determine in a study?
If a researcher has a desired alpha level of 0.05, what does this signify?
If a researcher has a desired alpha level of 0.05, what does this signify?
What is implied by the concentration value '14.0 pM' in the provided data?
What is implied by the concentration value '14.0 pM' in the provided data?
What is the maximum number of double-sided pages that can be brought into the statistics exam?
What is the maximum number of double-sided pages that can be brought into the statistics exam?
Which item is specifically required to analyze Data Set One before the statistics exam?
Which item is specifically required to analyze Data Set One before the statistics exam?
What percentage of the overall unit mark is represented by the statistics exam?
What percentage of the overall unit mark is represented by the statistics exam?
What is the predicted blood pressure for a patient treated with 10 µg of the drug using the regression equation?
What is the predicted blood pressure for a patient treated with 10 µg of the drug using the regression equation?
Which of the following statements about the statistics exam is true?
Which of the following statements about the statistics exam is true?
In the given ANOVA experiment regarding cat foods, how many different brands were tested?
In the given ANOVA experiment regarding cat foods, how many different brands were tested?
What analysis method is required for the data set prior to the statistics exam?
What analysis method is required for the data set prior to the statistics exam?
What is the result of the null hypothesis in the context of the ANOVA test performed?
What is the result of the null hypothesis in the context of the ANOVA test performed?
During the statistics exam, where must answers be transferred to?
During the statistics exam, where must answers be transferred to?
What would be the blood pressure of a subject treated with 0 µg of the drug, based on the regression equation?
What would be the blood pressure of a subject treated with 0 µg of the drug, based on the regression equation?
What is the minimum writing instrument students must bring to the statistics exam?
What is the minimum writing instrument students must bring to the statistics exam?
How many multiple-choice questions are based on statistical theory and application?
How many multiple-choice questions are based on statistical theory and application?
What statistical method is used to compare the effectiveness of more than two brands of cat food?
What statistical method is used to compare the effectiveness of more than two brands of cat food?
What does the Z-score indicate in relation to a specific data point?
What does the Z-score indicate in relation to a specific data point?
When the sampling distribution is normal, what is the relationship between the mean of the sample means and the population mean?
When the sampling distribution is normal, what is the relationship between the mean of the sample means and the population mean?
If the average exam score is 48% and the standard deviation is 12%, approximately what percentage of students scored above 60%?
If the average exam score is 48% and the standard deviation is 12%, approximately what percentage of students scored above 60%?
What is the effect of increasing the sample size (N) on the standard error of the mean?
What is the effect of increasing the sample size (N) on the standard error of the mean?
In a normal distribution, what percentage of values lies within +/- 1.96 standard deviations from the mean?
In a normal distribution, what percentage of values lies within +/- 1.96 standard deviations from the mean?
What does a standard deviation of 15 indicate in a normal distribution of exam scores?
What does a standard deviation of 15 indicate in a normal distribution of exam scores?
When the population is normally distributed and N > 30, what can be said about the sampling distribution?
When the population is normally distributed and N > 30, what can be said about the sampling distribution?
What is the standard error of the mean if the population standard deviation is 6.8 g and the sample size N is 4?
What is the standard error of the mean if the population standard deviation is 6.8 g and the sample size N is 4?
What is the formula for calculating degrees of freedom when estimating the population mean?
What is the formula for calculating degrees of freedom when estimating the population mean?
Using a t-score of 2.78 with 4 degrees of freedom, what is the critical value for a 95% confidence interval?
Using a t-score of 2.78 with 4 degrees of freedom, what is the critical value for a 95% confidence interval?
What does a Type I error indicate in the context of hypothesis testing?
What does a Type I error indicate in the context of hypothesis testing?
What is the standard error of the mean if the standard deviation is 16 pM and the sample size is 5?
What is the standard error of the mean if the standard deviation is 16 pM and the sample size is 5?
If the mean value of the hormone concentration is 82 pM, what value represents the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval assuming the width is 14 pM?
If the mean value of the hormone concentration is 82 pM, what value represents the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval assuming the width is 14 pM?
In a randomized control trial, how is the risk ratio calculated?
In a randomized control trial, how is the risk ratio calculated?
What does the Pearson's coefficient, r, quantify in bivariate data analysis?
What does the Pearson's coefficient, r, quantify in bivariate data analysis?
In a normally distributed population with a mean of 82 pM and a standard deviation of 16 pM, which width corresponds to a 95% confidence interval using a t-score of 2.31?
In a normally distributed population with a mean of 82 pM and a standard deviation of 16 pM, which width corresponds to a 95% confidence interval using a t-score of 2.31?
What is the approximate width of the 95% confidence interval for the mean hormone concentration based on a t-score of 2.09 with a standard deviation of 16 pM?
What is the approximate width of the 95% confidence interval for the mean hormone concentration based on a t-score of 2.09 with a standard deviation of 16 pM?
What does a t-score of 2.57 correspond to with 5 degrees of freedom for a 95% confidence interval?
What does a t-score of 2.57 correspond to with 5 degrees of freedom for a 95% confidence interval?
In the context of binary data, what does a significant chi-squared test result indicate?
In the context of binary data, what does a significant chi-squared test result indicate?
Which of the following best explains the concept of a confidence interval?
Which of the following best explains the concept of a confidence interval?
What does increasing the sample size in an experiment typically do to the confidence interval?
What does increasing the sample size in an experiment typically do to the confidence interval?
Which statement is true regarding correlation in bivariate data analysis?
Which statement is true regarding correlation in bivariate data analysis?
What does an alpha value of 0.05 typically signify in hypothesis testing?
What does an alpha value of 0.05 typically signify in hypothesis testing?
What type of error occurs when we reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true?
What type of error occurs when we reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true?
What does a p-value of 0.025 suggest regarding the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
What does a p-value of 0.025 suggest regarding the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
Which statistical test should be used to compare a sample mean of 82 pM to a population reference value of 78 pM?
Which statistical test should be used to compare a sample mean of 82 pM to a population reference value of 78 pM?
How can one reduce the likelihood of committing a Type I error?
How can one reduce the likelihood of committing a Type I error?
What is the purpose of the alpha level in hypothesis testing?
What is the purpose of the alpha level in hypothesis testing?
What does the standard deviation of 16 pM indicate about the concentration measurements?
What does the standard deviation of 16 pM indicate about the concentration measurements?
What is the definition of a Type II error?
What is the definition of a Type II error?
In the context of hypothesis testing, increasing the power of a test will do what?
In the context of hypothesis testing, increasing the power of a test will do what?
Flashcards
Parameter
Parameter
A numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population.
Central Tendency
Central Tendency
A measure of the "center" of a dataset. Common measures include mean (average), median, and mode.
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation
A measure of the spread or dispersion of data around the mean.
Z-score
Z-score
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Sampling Distribution
Sampling Distribution
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Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)
Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)
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Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution
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Population Mean (μ)
Population Mean (μ)
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Statistics Exam Duration
Statistics Exam Duration
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Exam Weighting
Exam Weighting
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Exam Format
Exam Format
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Data Set One Analysis
Data Set One Analysis
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Data Analysis Output
Data Analysis Output
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Permitted Printouts
Permitted Printouts
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Allowed Materials
Allowed Materials
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Exam Answer Sheet
Exam Answer Sheet
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95% Confidence Interval for Population Mean
95% Confidence Interval for Population Mean
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t-distribution
t-distribution
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Degrees of Freedom (df)
Degrees of Freedom (df)
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Calculating width of 95% CI
Calculating width of 95% CI
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Confidence Interval (CI)
Confidence Interval (CI)
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Sample size implications
Sample size implications
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Relationship of df and t-score
Relationship of df and t-score
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P-value
P-value
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Type I Error
Type I Error
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Type II Error
Type II Error
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Alpha (α)
Alpha (α)
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Power
Power
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One-Sample t-test
One-Sample t-test
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Independent Samples t-test
Independent Samples t-test
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Paired t-test
Paired t-test
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Risk Ratio
Risk Ratio
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Chi-squared Test
Chi-squared Test
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Scatter Plot
Scatter Plot
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Correlation
Correlation
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Regression Equation
Regression Equation
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Linear Regression Equation
Linear Regression Equation
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Predicting Blood Pressure
Predicting Blood Pressure
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ANOVA
ANOVA
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Null Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis
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Post-Hoc Test
Post-Hoc Test
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What is the statistics exam duration?
What is the statistics exam duration?
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How much is the statistics exam worth?
How much is the statistics exam worth?
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What is permitted on the exam?
What is permitted on the exam?
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SPSS MCQ's
SPSS MCQ's
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Negative Marking
Negative Marking
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How to Prepare for the Statistics Exam
How to Prepare for the Statistics Exam
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Why do you need a calculator for the exam?
Why do you need a calculator for the exam?
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Population Parameter
Population Parameter
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Mean (μ)
Mean (μ)
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Standard Deviation (σ)
Standard Deviation (σ)
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Width Of Confidence Interval
Width Of Confidence Interval
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What is the t-score used for?
What is the t-score used for?
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Calculating Width of Confidence Interval
Calculating Width of Confidence Interval
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How does the width of the CI change with sample size?
How does the width of the CI change with sample size?
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Relationship Between Degrees of Freedom (df) and T-score
Relationship Between Degrees of Freedom (df) and T-score
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Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r)
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (r)
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T-test
T-test
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Study Notes
BREES Statistics Exam
- Exam revision session led by Karen Still
- Offered through the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol
Exam Information
- Assessment: One Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) in-person exam paper.
- Weighting: 30% of the final unit mark.
- Date: Tuesday 10th December 2024.
- Time: 09.15 GMT.
- Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes.
- Content: 25 multiple-choice questions (MCQs).
- 15 MCQs focus on statistical theory and application, including calculations.
- 5 MCQs are based on a data set released beforehand, requiring SPSS analysis.
- This data set will be available by Thursday 26th November.
- 5 MCQs relate to a pre-performed SPSS analysis of a second data set (released as part of the exam paper).
- Materials: Calculator, printed SPSS analysis of Data Set One (maximum 4 double-sided pages). Students can annotate printed sheets with handwritten or typed notes. Student name and ID must be present on the sheets.
Exam Details
- Format: In-person, 25 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on statistical theory and application.
- Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes.
- Materials: Calculator, printed SPSS analysis of Data Set One (maximum 4 double-sided pages), annotations are permitted.
- Location: Students must check their exam timetable for the date, time, and venue.
- Late Arrival: Late arrivals may be refused entry.
- Absence: Absence may result in taking the reassessment in July/August 2025, with a maximum unit mark of 40%.
- Data Set One: Analyse the data using appropriate SPSS methods before the exam, and bring a printed output into the exam.
- Data Set One Analysis Format: The data analysis should not exceed 4 double-sided pages.
- Answer Sheet: Answer sheet includes more answer choices than questions. Ignore the excess choices.
- Materials per the Checklist: Ensure bringing pencil (HB or softer), eraser, pencil sharpener, calculator, printout of SPSS completed analysis (Data Set One), and your valid University card.
- Rules: Adhere to University rules on permitted exam materials.
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