Breathing Pattern Recognition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are considered vital signs in healthcare facilities?

  • Height, weight, and BMI
  • Eye color, hair color, and skin tone
  • Temperature, pulse, and respiration (correct)
  • Blood glucose level, cholesterol level, and blood count

What is the purpose of measuring pulse in healthcare?

  • To measure the patient's blood pressure
  • To provide information about the patient's circulatory status (correct)
  • To determine the patient's height
  • To assess the patient's respiratory function

What does systolic blood pressure measure?

  • The force the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries during cardiac muscle relaxation
  • The force the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries during cardiac muscle contraction (correct)
  • The maximum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries during ventricular diastole
  • The minimum amount of pressure exerted on the arteries during ventricular systole

What is the expected reference range for an adult client's respiratory rate?

<p>12 to 20/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nursing action for monitoring tachycardia?

<p>Monitor for potential adverse effects of medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the factors leading to bradycardia?

<p>Long-term physical fitness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nursing action for monitoring bradycardia?

<p>Monitor for manifestations of low cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected respiratory rate for newborns?

<p>30 to 60/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals are diaphragmatic breathers?

<p>Males and children (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary respiratory drive for clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

<p>Oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pulse oximetry in measuring perfusion?

<p>To measure the flow of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of ineffective breathing patterns?

<p>Decreased diffusion of oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected reference range for pulse oximetry?

<p>95% to 100% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal determinant of blood pressure?

<p>Cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the breathing pattern characterized by an irregular rate and depth of respirations that follow a cyclical pattern?

<p>Cheyne-Stokes respirations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the expected reference range for an adult client's pulse at rest?

<p>60 to 100/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the strength of the pulse reflect?

<p>The volume of blood ejected against the arterial wall with each heart contraction and the condition of the arterial vascular system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an inequality or absence of pulse on one side of the body indicate?

<p>A disease state such as thrombus or aortic dissection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected pulse rate for a 1-week-old infant?

<p>90 to 160/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thermometers are recommended for reducing the risk of cross-infection?

<p>Disposable single-use thermometers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age for using electronic ear thermometers according to the American Academy of Pediatrics?

<p>Infants 3 months and younger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing action for hypothermia?

<p>Provide a warming blanket (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing action for fever management in children and adolescents with viral illnesses?

<p>Provide antipyretics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered stage 1 hypertension according to the updated guidelines?

<p>130/80 mm Hg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is orthostatic hypotension?

<p>A decrease in blood pressure when changing positions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to hypertension?

<p>Low body weight (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a client do prior to having their blood pressure measured?

<p>Rest for 5 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core temperature measurement site?

<p>Esophagus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature measurement site is usually 0.5°C lower than oral and tympanic temperatures?

<p>Axillary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the acceptable range for oral temperature?

<p>36°C to 38°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do older adults experience lower body temperatures?

<p>They have a loss of subcutaneous fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position should the client be in for a rectal temperature measurement?

<p>Sims' position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's response to infectious and inflammatory processes?

<p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should oral temperature be measured accurately?

<p>20 to 30 minutes after food or fluid intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a safety measure when obtaining rectal temperatures?

<p>Do not obtain rectal temperatures for clients who have rectal disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing action for preventing shivering during chills caused by fever?

<p>Offering blankets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thermometer is advised against for infants 3 months old and younger due to inaccurate readings?

<p>Electronic ear thermometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing action for ensuring accurate test results before administering prescribed antibiotics?

<p>Obtain prescribed cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected pulse rate for an adolescent at rest according to the text?

<p>50 to 100/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication of altered electrical activity of the heart according to the text?

<p>A premature, late, or missed heart beat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended device for measuring peripheral pulse according to the text?

<p>Stethoscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected reference range for an adult client's respiratory rate when at rest?

<p>12 to 20/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nursing action for monitoring tachycardia?

<p>Monitor for potential adverse effects of medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can lead to bradycardia?

<p>Chronic severe pain and relaxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a surface temperature measurement site?

<p>Axillae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected temperature range for a newborn?

<p>36.5° to 37.5° C (97.7° to 99.5° F) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of heat loss through perspiration called?

<p>Evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected reference range for pulse oximetry in clients with chronic lung disease?

<p>95% to 100% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the breathing pattern characterized by abnormally deep respirations?

<p>Kussmaul respirations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological response that reflects the amount of constriction or dilation of the arteries?

<p>Peripheral vascular resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a safety measure for obtaining rectal temperatures?

<p>Do not obtain rectal temperatures for infants younger than 3 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended wait time before measuring oral temperature?

<p>20-30 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction to insert the rectal probe for an adult?

<p>Toward the head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected respiratory rate for children aged 3 to 5 years old?

<p>20 to 25/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to impaired breathing patterns?

<p>Decreased heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta?

<p>Monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring oxygen saturation as a vital sign?

<p>To evaluate the adequacy of airway and breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

<p>Systolic blood pressure is the maximum pressure exerted on the arteries during cardiac muscle contraction, while diastolic blood pressure is the minimum pressure exerted during cardiac muscle relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of measuring pulse in healthcare?

<p>To provide information about circulatory status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to hypertension?

<p>Low sodium intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure readings called?

<p>Pulse pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended nursing action for obtaining an accurate blood pressure measurement?

<p>Measure BP in a chair with the feet flat on the floor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can result in hypotension?

<p>Fluid depletion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension according to the updated guidelines of the Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure?

<p>Stage 1 hypertension has a systolic BP of 130 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg, while stage 2 hypertension has a systolic BP of greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg or a diastolic BP of greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can raise blood pressure?

<p>High sodium intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dysrhythmia according to the text?

<p>An irregular heart rhythm with an irregular radial pulse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse deficit according to the text?

<p>The difference between the apical rate and the radial rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected pulse rate for a 1-week-old infant according to the text?

<p>90 to 160/min (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected pulse rate for an adolescent at rest according to the text?

<p>50 to 100/min (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can make the peripheral pulses difficult to palpate in older adult clients according to the text?

<p>Poor circulation or cardiac dysfunction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should pulse deficit be accurately determined according to the text?

<p>By measuring the apical and radial pulse rates simultaneously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate definition of dysrhythmia?

<p>An irregular heart rhythm with an irregular radial pulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse deficit?

<p>The difference between the apical rate and the radial rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected pulse rate for an adolescent?

<p>50 to 100/min, depending on activity level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the expected pulse rate range for a 1-week-old infant?

<p>90 to 160/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the apical rate and the radial rate called?

<p>Pulse deficit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Vital Signs

  • Vital signs in healthcare facilities include pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature.

Pulse

  • Measuring pulse determines heart rate and rhythm, and detects alterations in cardiac function.
  • The expected reference range for an adult client's pulse at rest is 60-100 beats per minute (bpm).
  • The strength of the pulse reflects cardiac output and peripheral resistance.
  • An inequality or absence of pulse on one side of the body indicates cardiac or peripheral vascular disease.
  • The expected pulse rate for a 1-week-old infant is 100-160 bpm.
  • The expected pulse rate for an adolescent at rest is 55-90 bpm.

Blood Pressure

  • Systolic blood pressure measures the pressure of blood against the arterial walls during contraction.
  • The principal determinant of blood pressure is peripheral vascular resistance.
  • The expected reference range for an adult client's blood pressure is <120 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic.
  • Stage 1 hypertension is blood pressure ≥120-129 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic.
  • Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up.
  • Non-contributing factors to hypertension include age, sex, and height.

Respiratory Rate

  • The expected reference range for an adult client's respiratory rate is 12-20 breaths per minute.
  • The expected respiratory rate for newborns is 30-60 breaths per minute.
  • Diaphragmatic breathers are newborns and infants.

Body Temperature

  • Digital thermometers are recommended for reducing the risk of cross-infection.
  • Electronic ear thermometers are recommended for children over 3 months old.
  • Rectal temperature measurement is usually 0.5°C higher than oral temperature.
  • The acceptable range for oral temperature is 35.5-37.5°C.
  • Older adults experience lower body temperatures due to decreased metabolic rate.
  • The mechanism of heat loss through perspiration is evaporation.

Pulse Oximetry

  • The purpose of pulse oximetry is to measure perfusion and oxygen saturation as a vital sign.
  • The expected reference range for pulse oximetry is >95% for healthy adults and >88% for clients with chronic lung disease.

Breathing Patterns

  • The breathing pattern characterized by an irregular rate and depth of respirations that follow a cyclical pattern is Cheyne-Stokes respiration.
  • The breathing pattern characterized by abnormally deep respirations is Kussmaul respiration.

Miscellaneous

  • Dysrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm.
  • Pulse deficit is the difference between the apical rate and the radial rate.
  • Chemoreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta detect changes in oxygen levels and trigger physiological responses.
  • Hypotension can result in decreased cardiac output and perfusion.
  • Hypothermia can lead to respiratory depression and cardiac arrest.

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