Breastfeeding Technique Essentials
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What is the primary dietary restriction of a vegetarian diet?

  • No processed foods
  • No meat (correct)
  • No dairy products
  • No plant foods

    • Which type of vegetarian diet includes both dairy products and eggs?

  • Lacto-ovo vegetarian (correct)
  • Lacto-vegetarian
  • Ovo-vegetarian
  • Vegan

    • Which nutrient may need supplementation in a vegetarian diet during infancy?

  • Calcium
  • Vitamin K
  • Omega-3 fatty acids
  • Vitamin B12 (correct)

    • What is one of the contraindications for breastfeeding?

    <p>Mother with HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infant condition should prevent breastfeeding?

    <p>Galactosemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommends a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet for infants?

    <p>American Dietetic Association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might breast milk from vegetarian mothers lack without proper diet planning?

    <p>All essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of infant formulas?

    <p>Require dilution with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breastfeeding position is recommended for effective head control during latch-on?

    <p>Cradling the infant's head with the mother's hand or elbow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflex helps an infant to latch onto the breast when stimulated?

    <p>Rooting reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action if the mother experiences pain during breastfeeding?

    <p>Insert a finger into the side of the infant's mouth to break suction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the mother's fingers do to assist in proper latch-on?

    <p>Be placed behind the areola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is considered an excellent way to assess if an infant is receiving adequate breast milk?

    <p>Using a high-quality scale to measure weight pre- and post-feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the infant does not encompass the entire areola during breastfeeding?

    <p>The mother will experience pain and possible cracking of the nipple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a mother ensure comfort and prevent awkward positioning while breastfeeding?

    <p>By using a pillow to adjust the infant's height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the latch-on process is not successful after multiple attempts?

    <p>Reassess positioning and attempt a different hold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary indication for using a casein hydrolysate-based formula preparation?

    <p>Infants with milk and soy protein allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is prolonged use of casein hydrolysate-based formulas not recommended in preterm infants?

    <p>It lacks adequate vitamin and mineral composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition ratio of protein in premature infant formula preparations?

    <p>60% casein and 40% whey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional benefit do human milk fortifiers provide for preterm infants?

    <p>They enhance the vitamin and mineral content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calorie content provided by commercial premature infant formula preparations?

    <p>20-24 cal/oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal time frame to begin breastfeeding after delivery?

    <p>Within the first 30-40 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided if a mother desires to breastfeed?

    <p>Supplemental feeding when not medically necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feeding method is acceptable as an alternative to bottle feeding?

    <p>Spoon or cup feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical barrier that affects breastfeeding?

    <p>Nipple inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should mothers do if breastfeeding is not feasible immediately post-delivery due to medical conditions?

    <p>Initiate breastfeeding at the earliest possible time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should breastfed children typically feed during the first several weeks postpartum?

    <p>Every 2-3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done about nipple shields for mothers with inverted nipples?

    <p>They can draw the nipple out and are relatively inexpensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feeding is discouraged in favor of breastfeeding when a mother wants to nurse her child?

    <p>Bottle feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to milk supply when feedings are missed or breasts are not emptied effectively?

    <p>Milk supply decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what weight do most infants typically start sleeping through the night?

    <p>10 lb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is NOT mentioned as an effective breastfeeding hold?

    <p>Cross cradle hold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During growth spurts, what adjustment often needs to be made regarding feeding intervals?

    <p>Adjust intervals to match the infant's increasing needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for choosing a breastfeeding position?

    <p>Comfort for both mother and infant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cradle hold in breastfeeding?

    <p>The infant is supported horizontally across the mother’s chest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if an infant is not adequately fed during a growth spurt?

    <p>Weight loss for the infant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the side position be particularly beneficial for mothers after a cesarean delivery?

    <p>It reduces pressure from the infant on the surgical incision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of cow's milk-based formula?

    <p>20% whey and 80% casein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of infants is primarily indicated for soy-based formulas?

    <p>Vegetarian mothers and cow's milk-allergic infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the protein composition in soy-based formulas?

    <p>Higher protein per deciliter than breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical dilution for standard formula preparations?

    <p>1 oz concentrate to 1 oz water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit has not been established from the addition of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in formulas?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding soy-based formula's effectiveness for cow's milk protein allergy?

    <p>They provide no significant benefit for milk protein allergy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical daily volume needed for cow's milk-based formula to meet RDA requirements?

    <p>32 oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should soy-based formulas be avoided for preterm infants?

    <p>They increase the risk of osteopenia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Breastfeeding Technique

    • Preparation for breastfeeding should begin before or at the first contact.
    • Most women choose their feeding method prior to conception.
    • Psychosocial support and education can encourage breastfeeding in women who might not otherwise have considered it.
    • Evidence for this strategy is anecdotal and needs further investigation.
    • Nipple inversion is a common physical barrier to latch-on.
    • Women with inverted nipples may need nipple shields, manual or electric pumps.
    • Ideally, breastfeeding should begin immediately after delivery (within 30-40 minutes).
    • For optimal positioning, mothers can use the cradle hold, football hold, or lay/side position.

    Breastfeeding Technique (Clinical Situations)

    • Clinical situations might prevent immediate breastfeeding (cesarean delivery, maternal perineal repair or distress).
    • Breastfeeding should be initiated as soon as possible, but supplemental feeding may be necessary.
    • If mothers desire to breastfeed, consider an interim feeding plan (spoon, cup or syringe feeding)

    Breastfeeding Technique (Feeding Intervals)

    • Breastfed infants commonly feed at least every 2-3 hours during the first several weeks postpartum.
    • Nighttime feedings are necessary.
    • Feeding intervals might be increased to 3-4 hours during the night, depending on necessity.

    Breastfeeding Technique (Feeding Intervals/Nighttime)

    • Feeding intervals can be increased at night, but the timing to stop waking infants for night feedings is a common concern.
    • After the first 2 weeks postpartum, with no nutritional concerns, infants can have their own nightly feeding schedules.
    • Most infants will sleep through the night by approximately 10 lbs/4.5 kg).

    Breastfeeding Technique (Problems)

    • Common problems with breastfeeding include sore cracked nipples and engorgement.
    • Sore nipples are often caused from improper latch-on.
    • Keeping nipples clean and dry between feedings can effectively prevent and treat cracking.

    Problems Associated with Breastfeeding (Sore Nipples)

    • Sore nipples are very common in the first few weeks.
    • Constant moisture can cause soreness.
    • Improper latch-on commonly causes issues with breastfeeding.
    • Mild bleeding during breastfeeding is okay, but severe bleeding needs intervention.
    • Mothers can use her own milk, lanolin ointment to treat cracked nipples.

    Problems Associated with Breastfeeding (Engorgement)

    • Engorgement is a common issue in breastfeeding, caused by inadequate or ineffective emptying of the breasts.
    • Breasts become swollen and tender when milk buildup occurs.
    • Mastitis (breast infection) may develop if engorgement isn't treated.
    • Warm compress can help the letdown process.
    • Manually expressing breast milk or using an electrical breast pump to relieve engorgement can be helpful.
    • Cold packs, such as cooled cabbage leaves, can also relieve swelling.
    • Antibiotics might help if mastitis occurs, but be sure to choose antibiotics safe for the infant.

    Problems Associated with Breastfeeding (Lesions)

    • Blebs (pimples, blisters) are another cause of sore nipples.
    • Blebs appear when the milk ducts open.
    • Moisturizing nipples with lanolin and gently exfoliating can treat blebs.

    Problems Associated with Breastfeeding (Silicone Implants)

    • Silicone implants are another contentious issue in breastfeeding.
    • Research about the effect of silicone implants on lactation is limited.
    • Leakage from implants, silicone in breast milk, and possible infant exposure are areas of concern.
    • Silicone concentrations are typically higher in cow's milk and formula than in human milk.

    Maternal Nutrition and Breastfeeding

    • Certain maternal food flavors can affect the taste of breast milk (e.g., garlic, broccoli, onions).
    • These types of foods may not be desirable or may cause issues for the infant; they should be avoided if the infant shows signs of issues.
    • No conclusive evidence currently exists that breastfeeding mothers should avoid specific food groups to prevent allergic reactions in the infant, especially for conditions like atopic diseases.

    Vegetarian Diet& Breastfeeding

    • Vegetarianism has increased, so more studies have been conducted to understand breastfeeding in vegetarians.
    • A vegetarian diet is one without meat ; this definition doesn't encompass the variety of vegetarianism (e.g., vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, lacto vegetarians)
    • Pure vegetarians or vegans only consume plant-based foods; they typically avoid animal cruelty products like wool and leather.
    • Lacto-ovo vegetarians consume dairy and eggs alongside plants; lacto vegetarians only include dairy

    Vegetarian Diet & Breastfeeding (Nutritional Adequacy)

    • Breast milk from vegetarian mothers can contain all necessary nutrients for infant development.
    • A variety of foods and approaches to vegetarianism mean that there's a variety of nutrients to consider to ensure adequate intake, and supplementing vitamins might be necessary.
    • If a mother doesn't wish to feed their infant lacto-ovo or pure vegetarian diets, or if those diets aren't tolerated, appropriate supplementation of B12, iron, and vitamin D may be needed.

    Contraindications to Breastfeeding

    • Breastfeeding may be contraindicated in mothers using certain illicit drugs (e.g., heroin, cocaine, alcohol, PCP).
    • Mothers with HIV or AIDS, or those receiving medications/immunizations that can harm a child.
    • Certain cancer drugs are also contraindicated.
    • Infants with galactosemia should not be breastfed.

    Infant Formulas

    • Infant formula comes in concentrates, powders, and ready-to-feed forms.
    • Concentrates and powders need dilution with water.
    • Ready to feed formulas do not need added water before feeding.
    • There are various formula preparations (e.g. cow's milk based, soy-based, casein-based).

    Cow's Milk-Based Formula

    • This type of formula is the standard for healthy term infants who aren't breastfed.
    • It closely resembles human breast milk, comprising 20% whey and 80% casein.
    • Contains more protein, iron, linoleic acid, carnitine, taurine, and nucleotides.

    Soy-Based Formulas

    • Indicated for mothers who are vegetarian or whose infants have milk allergies or intolerance.
    • Contains plant-based protein, and thus has a high content of vitamins and minerals to counteract the plant-based mineral antagonists present.

    Casein Hydrolysate-Based Formulas

    • This formula type is recommended for infants with milk or soy protein allergies or intolerance.
    • It may not be suitable for preterm infants due to potentially insufficient vitamin and mineral composition.

    Premature Infant Formulas

    • These formulas are recommended for infants weighing under 1800 grams (low birth weight).
    • They have a higher vitamin and mineral content and sometimes higher amounts of lactose and glucose.
    • Examples include Enfamil Premature, Similac Natural Care, and Similac Special Care.

    Human Milk Fortifiers for Preterm Infants

    • Human milk fortifiers (HMFs) are used to supplement calories, proteins, and nutrients for preterm infants.
    • Enfamil-HMF, for example, is mixed to increase the osmolality of breast milk and increase caloric density (up to 24 calories/oz).
    • Some brands (like Similac Natural Care) are typically mixed with breast milk on a 1:1 ratio.

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    Description

    Explore key techniques and considerations for breastfeeding, including preparation, positioning, and overcoming common challenges such as nipple inversion. This quiz covers how various clinical situations can impact the breastfeeding process and the importance of timely initiation after delivery.

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