Breast, Prostate & Reproductive System Cancers
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a breast exam?

  • To assess menstrual history
  • To identify masses and skin changes (correct)
  • To prescribe medications
  • To evaluate nipple size

    • At what ages does the CDC recommend HPV vaccination?

  • 27-30 years
  • 6-10 years
  • 0-5 years
  • 11-12 years and up to 26 years (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a common problem of the breast?

  • Galactorrhea
  • Endometritis (correct)
  • Fibroadenoma
  • Mastitis

    • What is a characteristic symptom of mastitis?

    <p>Unilateral breast enlargement and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a visible sign that may suggest breast cancer?

    <p>Peau d’ orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be documented when assessing a breast mass?

    <p>Location, size, and consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with breast tissue infection?

    <p>Mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breast condition might present with nipple discharge?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)?

    <p>It is very common in aging men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible symptom of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy?

    <p>Incontinence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what average age does menarche occur?

    <p>12 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is linked to the onset of earlier menarche?

    <p>Childhood obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'last menstrual period' (LMP) refer to?

    <p>The first day of a woman's last menstrual cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a heavy menstrual flow during a cycle?

    <p>Needing to change every hour or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might indicate endocrine abnormalities in menstruation?

    <p>Menarche occurring after age 15.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal duration range for a menstrual cycle?

    <p>21-35 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of fibrocystic breast changes?

    <p>Palpable masses that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes fibroadenomas?

    <p>They consist of both glandular and fibrous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of menopause?

    <p>51</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Galactorrhea can occur in both men and women due to which of the following causes?

    <p>Increased prolactin levels from hypothalamus or pituitary disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychosocial implication of gynecomastia?

    <p>Social stigma related to male breast development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly alleviated by Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) during menopause?

    <p>Hot flashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when using Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)?

    <p>It should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one non-modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer?

    <p>Advancing age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is typically associated with prostate cancer?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

    <p>Penile discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a physical complaint indicating sexual abuse?

    <p>Anorectal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor associated with prostate cancer?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is TRUE regarding the onset of symptoms in prostate cancer?

    <p>It is typically asymptomatic in the early stages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavioral change may indicate possible sexual abuse in a child?

    <p>Change in appetite or weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with syphilis?

    <p>Ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not typically associated with symptoms of sexually transmitted infections?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for breast cancer?

    <p>Family history of breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of consuming alcohol related to breast cancer risk?

    <p>It is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is often associated with advanced breast cancer?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily caused by HPV?

    <p>Cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines nulliparity in terms of breast cancer risk factors?

    <p>Never being pregnant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about menarche and menopause is true for breast cancer risk?

    <p>Menarche before age 12 increases risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors is considered a modifiable risk associated with breast cancer?

    <p>Age at first pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Breast, Prostate & Reproductive System

    • The presentation covers breast, prostate, and reproductive cancers, along with statistics, risk factors, common conditions, and screening guidelines.

    Cancer Statistics

    • In 2016, an estimated 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths occurred in the U.S.
    • On average, 4,620 new cancer cases and 1,630 deaths occur daily.

    Leading Cancer Sites (2020 Estimates)

    • Male: Prostate, lung, bronchus, colon and rectum, urinary bladder, melanoma of skin, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral cavity and pharynx, leukemia, and pancreas were the leading sites.
    • Female: Breast, lung & bronchus, colon & rectum, uterine corpus, melanoma of the skin, kidney & renal pelvis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreas, and leukemia were the leading sites.

    Breast Cancer

    • Signs & Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, breast lump/pain, edema in affected arm, weight loss, and bone pain are common.
    • Risk Factors (Non-Modifiable): Gender, age, family history (BRCA1/2), ethnicity, menarche before 12, and menopause after 55.
    • Risk Factors (Modifiable): First pregnancy after 30, alcohol use, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, inactivity, and radiation exposure.
    • Screening Guidelines: The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends annual mammograms for women aged 40-44, yearly mammograms for 45-54, and every two years for 55 and older, with good health and expected to live 10 more years. Discussion with a physician is encouraged.

    Cervical Cancer

    • Screening: Cervical cancer testing should begin at age 21. Women aged 21-29 should get a Pap test every 3 years.
    • HPV testing should be used in addition to Pap testing for women aged 30 to 65 every 5 years.
    • For those over 65 with normal results in the last 10 years, testing is not required. If there has been a past serious pre-cancer diagnosis, testing should be continued for 20+ years after diagnosis.

    Prostate Cancer

    • Symptoms/Signs: Typically asymptomatic, urinary frequency, dysuria, hematuria, pain in the low back, hips, or thighs.
    • Risk Factors (Non-Modifiable): Age, gender, race/ethnicity (common in Black men), family/personal history, and geography.
    • Risk Factors (Modifiable): Smoking, diet, lifestyle, BMI, and occupation.
    • Screening Guidelines: The ACS recommends discussion with a physician to weigh testing pros and cons starting at age 50 (45 for African Americans or those with a family history).

    Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

    • A common condition in men.
    • Not cancer-related.
    • Symptoms: difficulty with urination, dribbling, incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia, weak stream, and incontinence.

    Reproductive System

    • Menarche: Average age of onset is 12, but normal range is 9-15. Earlier or later menarche deserves evaluation.
    • Menstruation: Normal cycle typically happens every 21-35 days, with a flow lasting 3-7 days. If heavy flow is experienced frequently, this should be discussed with healthcare provider.
    • Menopause: Cessation of menses for 12 months, without other explanations.. Average age of onset is 51.
    • Other Considerations: Includes subjective factors like sexual history and practices, and health maintenance details.
    • STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections): Includes symptoms like ulcers, penile discharge, abdominal pain, and systemic symptoms.
    • Sexual Abuse: Includes signs of physical and behavioral changes in regards to physical complaints and behavioral changes.

    Additional Information

    • Various types of breast cancer (such as mastitis, fibrocystic changes, fibroadenoma, galactorrhea, and gynecomastia) are detailed, along with their symptoms and causes.
    • HPV is the primary cause of cervical cancer.
    • There are FDA-approved vaccines to prevent HPV, typically recommended for children (11-12 years), to help prevent various cancers.
    • The presentation includes diagrams and images to illustrate the concepts.

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    Breast and Reproductive System PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the critical aspects of breast, prostate, and reproductive system cancers. It covers key statistics, risk factors, common conditions, and the latest screening guidelines. Test your knowledge on leading cancer sites and their signs and symptoms.

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