Podcast
Questions and Answers
What clinical sign indicates involvement of Cooper's ligaments in breast disorders?
What clinical sign indicates involvement of Cooper's ligaments in breast disorders?
Dimpling
In which condition are the superficial lymphatics involved, leading to a peau d'orange appearance?
In which condition are the superficial lymphatics involved, leading to a peau d'orange appearance?
Inflammatory breast cancer
What BIRADS score indicates incomplete imaging and what is its recommended action?
What BIRADS score indicates incomplete imaging and what is its recommended action?
BIRADS 0; Additional imaging is required
When using the dial clock method for breast examination, what age group is it primarily recommended for?
When using the dial clock method for breast examination, what age group is it primarily recommended for?
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For a BIRADS score of 3, what follow-up is recommended and what is the associated risk of cancer?
For a BIRADS score of 3, what follow-up is recommended and what is the associated risk of cancer?
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What is the significance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in breast cancer?
What is the significance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in breast cancer?
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List two imaging indications for using MRI in the context of breast cancer.
List two imaging indications for using MRI in the context of breast cancer.
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How does age relate to breast cancer risk according to the risk factors?
How does age relate to breast cancer risk according to the risk factors?
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What is the role of Ki-67 in breast cancer assessment?
What is the role of Ki-67 in breast cancer assessment?
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Identify the most common type of breast cancer and its origin.
Identify the most common type of breast cancer and its origin.
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What molecular characteristics define the Luminal A subtype of breast cancer?
What molecular characteristics define the Luminal A subtype of breast cancer?
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Explain the relationship between smoking and breast cancer risk.
Explain the relationship between smoking and breast cancer risk.
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What is the recommended action when 21 or more blood relatives are diagnosed with breast cancer before age 55?
What is the recommended action when 21 or more blood relatives are diagnosed with breast cancer before age 55?
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Study Notes
Breast Cancer
- Most common type: Invasive ductal carcinoma
- Origin: Terminal duct lobular unit (Tolu)
- Quadrants affected: Upper outer, lower inner, upper inner, lower outer
Genetic Mutations
-
Breast cancer:
- Sporadic (90%): no known mutation
- Familial (10%):
- BRCA1
- BRCA2
- TP53
- PTEN
-
Indications for BRCA testing:
- Patient with BRCA1/2 gene mutation in a blood relative
- History of ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer
- 21 or more blood relatives diagnosed with breast cancer
- 50 or more blood relatives diagnosed with breast cancer at 550 years
- Triple negative breast cancer at 500 years
- Male breast cancer
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
- ER: Measured with Alcian blue (steroid receptor)
- HER 2 neu: Cell membrane stains brown (membraneous receptor)
- Ki 67: Proliferation index marker
Molecular Subtypes
- Based on gene expression profiling: Luminal A, Luminal B, Basal like (TNBC), HER2 enriched, etc.
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Description
Test your knowledge on clinical signs of breast disorders, including Cooper's ligaments involvement and the peau d'orange appearance. Explore BIRADS scoring, recommended actions for imaging, and follow-up recommendations. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals.
