Breast Cancer Awareness and Risk Factors

Breast cancer cells that have estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors.

Breast cancer cells lacking estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Breast cancer cells lacking estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors.

A protein in breast cancer cells that estrogen attaches to to stimulate growth.

A protein in breast cancer cells that progesterone attaches to to stimulate growth.

A protein in some breast cancer cells that contributes to rapid growth.

Treatment for breast cancers with estrogen or progesterone receptors, lowering hormone levels or blocking receptors.

Breast cancer cells that are positive for estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors.

Alcohol breaks down into acetaldehyde, damaging DNA and hindering its repair, which can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.

Tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) located on chromosomes 17 and 11 that prevent tumor development.

Excessive estrogen levels, a risk factor for breast cancer in men and AMAB individuals.

Having a first-degree relative with breast cancer increases the risk by 1.5-3 times, depending on the age.

X-ray procedure for breast cancer detection, recommended every 2 years for women aged 50-69 in Canada.

A procedure to remove breast tissue/fluid for examination, often used for biopsy confirmation.

A surgical procedure that tries to preserve the breast while removing cancerous tissue (lumpectomy).

Breast cancer surgery that removes the breast and surrounding axillary lymph nodes.

Removal of the entire breast and nipple, but not the lymph nodes, sometimes used for high-risk individuals.

Accumulation of lymph in soft tissues, potentially caused by breast cancer surgery or radiation.

Non-invasive imaging technique used to determine breast mass consistency (solid or fluid).

A tissue sample taken for examination to determine if cancerous.

Possible symptoms include nontender lumps, skin changes, nipple discharge, and pain.

Evaluating methods include physical exams, mammograms, biopsies, and imaging to diagnose breast cancer.

Monitoring for complications, pain management, and education about activities post-biopsy are important.

The overall aims for clients with breast cancer are: accepting physical changes, improving body image, promoting self-confidence and self-care, actively participating in treatment decisions, adhering to the therapeutic plan, managing therapy's side effects, and utilizing support from loved ones & healthcare providers.

Nursing interventions include reviewing treatment options, explaining the surgical process, educating about drains, arm/shoulder mobility, and exercises. Consent, NPO, pre-op pain management, turning, deep breathing, and coughing techniques are also important.

Open and honest communication is crucial for breast cancer clients. It involves providing realistic expectations, supporting their coping mechanisms, and connecting them with resources.

It's essential to be sensitive to the patient's specific information requirements and how they prefer to receive it.

Nurses provide support to clients struggling with the emotional challenges of cancer, including the uncertainty about the future.

Breast cancer where the cancer cells have estrogen receptors.

Breast cancer where the cancer cells have progesterone receptors.

Breast cancer where the cancer cells have either estrogen or progesterone receptors, or both.

Breast cancer where the cancer cells do not have estrogen or progesterone receptors.

Treatments given after the primary treatment for breast cancer to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Radiation therapy given as the initial treatment for breast cancer.

Use of drugs to kill cancer cells, often used in breast cancer treatment.

Radiation therapy to ease symptoms from advanced breast cancer.

A registered charity founded in 2013 by Alicia Vianga, providing support and resources to breast cancer survivors.

Kits provided by after BREAST CANCER (ABC) containing items like temporary breast prostheses, mastectomy bras, and other essentials for breast cancer survivors.

A lack of access to breast prostheses and bras for cancer survivors without insurance or financial means.

To provide breast prostheses and bras at no cost to financially challenged breast cancer survivors in Toronto.

They provide physical, psychological, and cosmetic support by offering practical items for post-surgery recovery and comfort.

They offer new and gently used bras and prostheses at no cost, specifically targeting individuals who are financially challenged.

Breast cancer survivors who can share their experiences and answer questions about expectations, surgery, and recovery.

https://www.afterbreastcancer.ca/

Chemotherapy given before surgery to shrink the tumor, potentially allowing for less invasive surgery.

Side effects of chemotherapy, often affecting the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and hair follicles. Examples include nausea, fatigue, and hair loss.

Treatment that targets estrogen or progesterone receptors on breast cancer cells, aiming to slow down or stop tumor growth.

Drugs that prevent estrogen from attaching to cancer cells, inhibiting their growth. Tamoxifen is a common example.

A common antiestrogen drug used to treat early and advanced breast cancer, as well as preventing breast cancer in high-risk individuals.

Side effects of Tamoxifen can include hot flashes, mood swings, vaginal changes, and increased risk of blood clots, cataracts, stroke, and endometrial cancer.

Having a mother, sister, or other close relative diagnosed with breast cancer, especially at a young age, increases the risk of developing the disease.

Results from a breast screening mammogram that show potential abnormalities, raising concern for breast cancer.

Non-cancerous breast conditions that show some unusual features, increasing the risk for future breast cancer development.

High levels of stress can potentially increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

The risk of breast cancer increases significantly after age 50.

Starting periods before age 12 raises the risk of breast cancer.

Having your first pregnancy after age 30 or not having children at all increases breast cancer risk.

Starting menopause after age 55 is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer.

Having dense breast tissue makes it harder to detect breast cancer through mammograms.

Alcohol breaks down into acetaldehyde, a chemical that damages DNA and hinders its repair, increasing the risk of uncontrolled cell growth, which can lead to cancer.

A procedure where a lymph node that is most likely to receive cancer cells is removed and examined to check for cancer spread.

A device used to stretch skin and muscle before implants are inserted after mastectomy.

Reconstruction using tissue from other parts of the body, like the abdomen or back, to recreate the breast mound.

A procedure to restore the natural appearance of the reconstructed breast by creating a nipple and areola.

Testing breast cancer cells to see if they have estrogen or progesterone receptors, which can affect treatment.

Artificial replacements for the breast, placed under the pectoralis muscle to protect and cover them.

Breast removal surgery that preserves some of the breast skin for potential reconstruction.

Tissue taken from the patient's own body for reconstruction.

Treatments given after the primary breast cancer treatment (surgery, radiation) to reduce the risk of cancer returning.

Radiation given as the main initial treatment for breast cancer, often after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.

Radiation therapy used for metastatic breast cancer to ease symptoms like bone pain or tumor pressure.

A disease where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in breast tissue, forming a tumor that can spread to other parts of the body.

The risk of breast cancer increases significantly after age 50.

Having your first pregnancy after age 30 increases breast cancer risk.

Mammograms are X-rays of the breast that can detect small lumps or abnormalities. They are recommended every 2 years for women aged 50 to 69 in Canada.