Breast Cancer and Mental Factors

Fear, anxiety, or embarrassment may influence the client’s ability to discuss the condition of the ______

Women with breast cancer attributed the cancer to ______ factors

Western culture emphasizes the breasts for femininity and ______

Research has shown that BSE plays a small role in finding ______

Men with gynecomastia or cancer of the breast may be embarrassed to have what they consider a 'female ______'

Some women feel very comfortable doing BSE regularly (usually monthly after their period) using the systematic approach, while other women are more comfortable looking and feeling their breasts while ______

The breasts are paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. Depending on their size and shape, the breasts extend vertically from the second to the sixth rib and horizontally from the sternum to the mid-axillary line. The male and female breasts are similar until ______, when female breast tissue enlarges in response to the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

The female breast is an accessory reproductive organ with two functions: – to produce and store milk that provides nourishment for newborns – to aid in ______

Most breast tumors occur in the upper outer quadrant, which extends into the axillary area, referred to as the ______.

Lymph nodes are present in both male and female breasts. These structures drain lymph from the breasts to filter out microorganisms and return water and protein to the ______.

The skin of the breasts is smooth and varies in color depending on the client’s skin tones. When assessing breast health, it is important to consider the potential ______ factors.

Discussing breast health may have an emotional impact on individuals. It is essential to be culturally sensitive and understand the diverse ______ beliefs surrounding breast cancer.

Some women become very stressed about “doing it right.” BSE helps the woman or man become more aware of what their breast tissue is like in order to detect any changes. The most important goal is for the client to report any breast changes to a health care professional right away. Mammogram is the screening of choice for breast cancer. Women of age 40 and older should have a screening mammogram every year and should continue to do so for as long as they are in good health (American College of Radiology [ACR], 2015). Preparing the Client: Equipment Centimeter ruler Small pillow Gloves slide for specimen Client handout on breast self-examination Physical Assessment Techniques Inspection Palpation ______ and Axilla Inspection FIGURE 20-8 During assessment for retraction and dimpling, the client first (A) raises her arms over her head, (B) then lowers them and presses them against the hips, and finally (C) presses the hands together with the fingers of one hand pointing opposite to the fingers of the other hand. FIGURE 20-10 Palpating nipples for masses and discharge. FIGURE 20-12 Palpating the axillary lymph nodes. FIGURE 20-7 Supernumerary nipple (Used with permission from Logan-Young, W., & Hoffman, N.Y..______ cancer: A practical guide to diagnosis.Mt.Hope Publishing). CANCEROUS TUMORS These are irregular, firm, hard, not defined masses that may be fixed or mobile. They are not usually tender and usually occur after age 50. FIBROADENOMAS These lesions are lobular, ovoid, or round.

_______ helps the woman or man become more aware of what their breast tissue is like in order to detect any changes.

Women of age 40 and older should have a screening mammogram every _____.

The most important goal is for the client to report any breast changes to a health care professional right ______.

CANCEROUS TUMORS are irregular, firm, hard, not defined masses that may be fixed or ______.

FIBROADENOMAS are lesions that are lobular, ovoid, or ______.