Breast and Liver Pathology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which lesion is not part of benign proliferative breast disease?

Duct ectasia

What is the most important prognostic factor in breast carcinoma?

Axillary lymph node metastases

What type of calcification is characterized by a linear branching pattern on a mammogram?

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Which stain is helpful in detecting iron pigment load in liver tissue during a biopsy?

<p>Perl stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not associated with hepatic steatosis?

<p>Aspirin toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of cholelithiasis that may concern a patient with gallstones?

<p>Cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pathological condition could lead to hepatic steatosis in a thalassemic patient?

<p>NASH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benign breast condition is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia?

<p>Papilloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is indicated by extremely cellular neoplasm with sheets of small round cells in the midline of the cerebellum?

<p>Medulloblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

To which WHO tumor grade does Glioblastoma multiforme belong?

<p>Grade IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with vulvovaginal pruritus and curd-like discharge, what is the causative agent of the infection identified on the PAP smear?

<p>Candida</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a diagnosis of 'carcinoma in situ' in a cervical biopsy suggest?

<p>High grade SIL</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom would most likely accompany a diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis?

<p>Marked vulvovaginal pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cellular features are seen in a PAP smear indicating severe dysplasia?

<p>Exfoliated squamous cells and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the expected findings on imaging for a brain tumor located in the midline of the cerebellum?

<p>Gray and friable mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'hyperchromatic nuclei' found in a brain tumor pathology?

<p>Indicates increased nuclear density, often associated with malignancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely condition affecting the 58-year-old man with bone pain and chronic renal failure?

<p>Secondary hyperparathyroidism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory values indicate that the 58-year-old man may have a parathyroid disorder?

<p>Calcium 7.8 mg/dL and phosphorus 5.7 mg/dL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classic symptoms does the 49-year-old woman exhibit that suggest hypothyroidism?

<p>Cold intolerance, weight gain, and sluggishness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What autoimmune condition is the cause of hypothyroidism in the 49-year-old woman?

<p>Hashimoto thyroiditis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What findings would likely be observed in the thyroid glands of subjects diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

<p>Increased glandular hyperplasia and potentially follicular cell changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific laboratory finding assists in diagnosing Hashimoto thyroiditis in the woman?

<p>Elevated serum TSH of 11.7 mU/L.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin changes might suggest hypothyroidism, as seen in the 49-year-old woman?

<p>Dry, coarse skin and alopecia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which thyroid autoantibodies were detected at high titer in the 49-year-old woman?

<p>Anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal autoantibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by raised serum calcium and low phosphate in an elderly patient presenting with bone pain and weakness?

<p>Hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a comatose patient with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin, which test is most relevant to identify the cause of unconsciousness?

<p>HBsAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is suggested by an 58-year-old man with anemia, elevated blood pressure, and protein in the urine but no glucose?

<p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with ectopic cortisol production in adrenal tumors?

<p>Muscular weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential cause for an 8-year-old girl with generalized edema and frothy urine?

<p>Nephrotic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the presented case of weight loss, polyuria, and weakness in a 58-year-old man, which test would help confirm diabetes type?

<p>Glucose R test</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte imbalance might be expected in a patient suffering from hypoparathyroidism?

<p>Low serum calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of alkaline phosphatase in the elderly indicate, especially when coupled with bone pain?

<p>Possible bone tumor or metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is suggested by an adult male with hypertension, sodium and water retention, and hypokalemia with decreased serum rennin levels?

<p>Conn's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is not inhibited by somatostatin?

<p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is not typically increased in urinary excretion in cases of pheochromocytoma?

<p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of thyroid neoplasm is amyloid deposition commonly observed?

<p>Medullary carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pituitary adenoma is most likely in a 22-year-old female presenting with amenorrhea?

<p>Prolactinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What autoantibodies are pivotal in the pathogenesis of diffuse symmetrical enlargement of the thyroid gland with clinical signs of hyperthyroidism?

<p>Antibodies to TSH receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes mellitus, what effect do Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) have on extracellular matrix proteins?

<p>They make them resistant to proteolytic digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the presence of lid lag, exophthalmos, and pretibial myxedema in a patient with increased T3 and T4 levels?

<p>Hyperthyroidism, likely Graves' disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is endometriosis, and where are the most common sites for its occurrence?

<p>Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly found in the ovaries, uterine ligaments, retrovaginal septum, cul de sac, and pelvic peritoneum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What microscopic features distinguish leiomyosarcoma from leiomyoma?

<p>The distinguishing microscopic features of leiomyosarcoma include nuclear atypia, mitotic index, and anaplasia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is indicated by a unilocular cyst filled with cheesy material, tufts of hair, and teeth?

<p>A benign mature cystic teratoma is indicated by a unilocular cyst containing cheesy material, hair, and teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most probable diagnosis for a woman with primary infertility, dysmenorrhea, and cystic masses on ultrasound?

<p>The most probable diagnosis is endometriosis, given the symptoms and ultrasound findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by orbital edema and proteinuria in a teenage boy?

<p>The commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children is minimal change disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features of a 32-year-old female diagnosed with endometriosis?

<p>Clinical features include irregular menstrual cycles, dysmenorrhea, and pelvic pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a 54-year-old woman with a bulk mass reported as leiomyosarcoma, what is the significance of mitotic index?

<p>The mitotic index helps determine the aggressiveness of the tumor and its potential for metastasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presentation of a dysgerminoma differ from that of a benign mature cystic teratoma in ultrasound findings?

<p>Dysgerminomas typically present as solid masses, while mature cystic teratomas present as cystic masses filled with complex materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Description

Test your knowledge on benign proliferative breast disease, breast carcinoma prognostic factors, and liver pathology. This quiz covers various aspects of lesions, calcifications on mammograms, and the implications of different conditions related to hepatic health. Enhance your understanding of pathology terminology and diagnostic criteria.

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