Breast Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which anatomical structure is an exception to the presentation of superficial fascia?

  • Deep fascia
  • Adipose tissue
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Axillary tail (correct)

    • What does the axillary tail pass through to enter the axilla?

  • Superficial fascia
  • Deep fascia (correct)
  • Skin layers
  • Muscle fascia

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding the axillary tail?

  • It is located within the superficial fascia.
  • It enters the axilla through the lower border of the pectoralis major. (correct)
  • It does not pierce any fascia.
  • It is part of the deep fascia.

    • Which layer of fascia does the axillary tail specifically interact with when entering the axilla?

    <p>Deep fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typical for structures within the superficial fascia?

    <p>Piercing through deep fascia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the breast from the deep fascia beneath it?

    <p>Retromammary space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acini in the breast?

    <p>Secrete milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do lactiferous ducts open?

    <p>Into the nipple (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed before the end of the lactiferous duct?

    <p>Lactiferous sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue is primarily found in the retromammary space?

    <p>Loose areolar tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical connection is formed by the lymphatics of the medial part crossing the front of the sternum?

    <p>Intermammary lymphatics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the enlargement of the male breast?

    <p>Gynecomastia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The connection established by the medial lymphatics serves primarily to drain lymph from which areas?

    <p>The opposite breast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential clinical condition that can alter breast tissue in males?

    <p>Gynecomastia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does the areola change to during the first pregnancy?

    <p>Dark brown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lymphatic structures is directly involved in the anastomosis with the opposite breast?

    <p>Intermammary lymphatics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glands found in the areola?

    <p>Secreting oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the areola?

    <p>Circular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the darkening of the areola during pregnancy?

    <p>Melanin production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands are primarily located in the areola?

    <p>Sebaceous glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located anteriorly at the apex of the axilla?

    <p>Clavicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure defines the posterior boundary of the apex of the axilla?

    <p>Upper end of the scapula (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the base of the axilla?

    <p>Pectoralis major (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT found at the apex of the axilla?

    <p>Anterior axillary fold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is located medially at the apex of the axilla?

    <p>Outer border of the 1st rib (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles comprise the anterior wall of the axilla?

    <p>Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the posterior wall of the axilla?

    <p>Pectoralis major (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional structure is associated with the anterior wall of the axilla aside from the muscles?

    <p>Clavipectoral fascia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the boundary of the axilla specifically at its posterior aspect?

    <p>Teres major (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective role of the pectoralis minor and subclavius in the axilla?

    <p>They form part of the anterior axillary wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Superficial fascia location

    It mainly lies in the superficial layer of tissues under the skin, except for a specific area.

    Axillary tail exception

    The axillary tail part of the superficial fascia goes deeper than the typical placement, penetrating the deep fascia before entering the axilla.

    Deep fascia location

    The layer of connective tissue underneath the superficial fascia.

    Pectoralis major border

    The lower edge of the pectoralis major muscle where the axillary tail passes through the deep fascia.

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    Axilla entry point

    The axillary tail, after going through the deep fascia, then goes into the armpit/axillary region.

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    Retromammary space

    Loose areolar tissue separating the breast from its deep fascia.

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    Lobe structure

    Made of milk-producing units (acini) and ducts.

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    Lactiferous duct

    Tube carrying milk from acini to nipple.

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    Lactiferous sinus

    Milk storage chamber before nipple.

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    Acini

    Milk-producing units in the breast.

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    Areola location

    The circular, dark area surrounding the nipple.

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    Areola color change

    Darkens during pregnancy due to melanin.

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    Areola's glands

    Areolar sebaceous glands in the areola.

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    Areola tubercles

    Visible bumps formed by the sebaceous glands.

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    Areola function

    Surrounds the nipple to protect it.

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    Intermammary lymphatics

    Lymphatic vessels crossing the sternum to connect with the opposite breast.

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    Gynecomastia

    Enlargement of the male breast due to disease.

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    Lymphatics

    Part of the body's immune system, vessels that drain fluids.

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    Anastomose

    Connect - in this context, connect lymphatic vessels.

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    Male breast enlargement

    A condition called gynecomastia can cause an increase in size.

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    What is the axilla?

    The axilla is the armpit, a space between the arm and the chest wall.

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    What forms the apex of the axilla?

    The apex of the axilla is formed by the clavicle (collarbone) anteriorly, the upper end of the scapula (shoulder blade) posteriorly, and the outer border of the first rib medially.

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    What forms the base of the axilla?

    The base of the axilla is formed by the anterior axillary fold, which is the lower edge of the pectoralis major muscle.

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    What is the anterior axillary fold?

    The anterior axillary fold is the lower edge of the pectoralis major muscle, which forms the base of the axilla.

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    Where is the axillary tail located?

    The axillary tail is a part of the superficial fascia that goes deeper than usual, passing through the deep fascia and entering the axilla.

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    Axilla Walls

    The armpit (axilla) is enclosed by four walls formed by muscles and fascia. These walls help support the arm and allow for movement.

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    Anterior Wall

    The front wall of the axilla is made up of the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius muscles, and the clavipectoral fascia. These structures contribute to shoulder movement and stability.

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    Posterior Wall

    The back wall of the axilla is formed by the teres major, latissimus dorsi, and subscapularis muscles. These muscles are involved in arm rotation and extension.

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    Clavipectoral Fascia

    A strong sheet of connective tissue, the clavipectoral fascia, is part of the anterior wall. It helps to separate the pectoral muscles from the axillary region.

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    Subclavius Muscle

    The subclavius muscle is a small muscle that sits beneath the clavicle, contributing to the anterior wall. It helps stabilize the shoulder joint.

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    Study Notes

    Breast Anatomy

    • The female breast, or mamma, is a specialized accessory gland producing milk.
    • Its shape is conical, extending from the second to sixth ribs and from the sternum to the midaxillary line.
    • Superficial fascia covers most of the breast, except the axillary tail, which pierces deep fascia and enters the axilla.
    • Underlying muscles include the pectoralis major (primary muscle), serratus anterior, and external oblique.
    • 15-20 lobes, separated by fibrous septa, make up the breast's structure. The septae are more prominent superiorly, near the skin, where they form the suspensory ligaments (Cooper's ligaments).
    • Each lobe contains acini (milk-producing units) and lactiferous ducts that carry milk to the nipple, forming lactiferous sinuses (ampullae) along the way.
    • The nipple contains 15-20 openings.
    • The areola, a pigmented ring surrounding the nipple, contains sebaceous glands responsible for visible tubercles.
    • Nipple and areola are free of fat.

    Blood Supply

    • The breast receives blood from branches of the internal thoracic artery.
    • The lateral thoracic artery also contributes.
    • Intercostal arteries and the thoracoacromial artery also supply blood to the breast.

    Lymph Drainage

    • Lateral and central parts of the breast drain into anterior (pectoral) lymph nodes.
    • The upper quadrant drains into apical lymph nodes.
    • The lower quadrant drains into the lymph plexus of the rectus sheath and the subphrenic plexus.
    • The medial quadrant drains into internal thoracic (parasternal) nodes.
    • Some medial lymphatics cross the sternum to connect with the opposite breast (intermammary lymphatics).

    Axilla Anatomy

    • The axilla is a pyramidal space between the upper arm and the chest wall.
    • It has an apex (superior), base (inferior), and four walls (anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial).
    • The anterior wall is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles, and the clavipectoral fascia.
    • The posterior wall is formed by the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles.The lateral wall is the bicipital groove of the humerus.
    • The medial wall is formed by the ribs, intercostal spaces, and serratus anterior muscle.
    • The axilla's contents include the brachial plexus, axillary artery, axillary vein, axillary lymph nodes, axillary fat, axillary tail of the breast, and the axillary sheath.

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