Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which anatomical structure is an exception to the presentation of superficial fascia?
Which anatomical structure is an exception to the presentation of superficial fascia?
- Deep fascia
- Adipose tissue
- Subcutaneous tissue
- Axillary tail (correct)
What does the axillary tail pass through to enter the axilla?
What does the axillary tail pass through to enter the axilla?
- Superficial fascia
- Deep fascia (correct)
- Skin layers
- Muscle fascia
Which of the following statements is true regarding the axillary tail?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the axillary tail?
- It is located within the superficial fascia.
- It enters the axilla through the lower border of the pectoralis major. (correct)
- It does not pierce any fascia.
- It is part of the deep fascia.
Which layer of fascia does the axillary tail specifically interact with when entering the axilla?
Which layer of fascia does the axillary tail specifically interact with when entering the axilla?
Which of the following is NOT typical for structures within the superficial fascia?
Which of the following is NOT typical for structures within the superficial fascia?
What separates the breast from the deep fascia beneath it?
What separates the breast from the deep fascia beneath it?
What is the role of acini in the breast?
What is the role of acini in the breast?
Where do lactiferous ducts open?
Where do lactiferous ducts open?
What is formed before the end of the lactiferous duct?
What is formed before the end of the lactiferous duct?
What tissue is primarily found in the retromammary space?
What tissue is primarily found in the retromammary space?
What anatomical connection is formed by the lymphatics of the medial part crossing the front of the sternum?
What anatomical connection is formed by the lymphatics of the medial part crossing the front of the sternum?
Which condition is associated with the enlargement of the male breast?
Which condition is associated with the enlargement of the male breast?
The connection established by the medial lymphatics serves primarily to drain lymph from which areas?
The connection established by the medial lymphatics serves primarily to drain lymph from which areas?
What is a potential clinical condition that can alter breast tissue in males?
What is a potential clinical condition that can alter breast tissue in males?
What color does the areola change to during the first pregnancy?
What color does the areola change to during the first pregnancy?
Which of the following lymphatic structures is directly involved in the anastomosis with the opposite breast?
Which of the following lymphatic structures is directly involved in the anastomosis with the opposite breast?
What is the primary function of the glands found in the areola?
What is the primary function of the glands found in the areola?
What is the shape of the areola?
What is the shape of the areola?
What causes the darkening of the areola during pregnancy?
What causes the darkening of the areola during pregnancy?
What type of glands are primarily located in the areola?
What type of glands are primarily located in the areola?
What structure is located anteriorly at the apex of the axilla?
What structure is located anteriorly at the apex of the axilla?
Which structure defines the posterior boundary of the apex of the axilla?
Which structure defines the posterior boundary of the apex of the axilla?
What forms the base of the axilla?
What forms the base of the axilla?
Which of the following is NOT found at the apex of the axilla?
Which of the following is NOT found at the apex of the axilla?
What is located medially at the apex of the axilla?
What is located medially at the apex of the axilla?
What muscles comprise the anterior wall of the axilla?
What muscles comprise the anterior wall of the axilla?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the posterior wall of the axilla?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the posterior wall of the axilla?
What additional structure is associated with the anterior wall of the axilla aside from the muscles?
What additional structure is associated with the anterior wall of the axilla aside from the muscles?
Which muscle forms the boundary of the axilla specifically at its posterior aspect?
Which muscle forms the boundary of the axilla specifically at its posterior aspect?
What is the collective role of the pectoralis minor and subclavius in the axilla?
What is the collective role of the pectoralis minor and subclavius in the axilla?
Flashcards
Superficial fascia location
Superficial fascia location
It mainly lies in the superficial layer of tissues under the skin, except for a specific area.
Axillary tail exception
Axillary tail exception
The axillary tail part of the superficial fascia goes deeper than the typical placement, penetrating the deep fascia before entering the axilla.
Deep fascia location
Deep fascia location
The layer of connective tissue underneath the superficial fascia.
Pectoralis major border
Pectoralis major border
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Axilla entry point
Axilla entry point
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Retromammary space
Retromammary space
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Lobe structure
Lobe structure
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Lactiferous duct
Lactiferous duct
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Lactiferous sinus
Lactiferous sinus
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Acini
Acini
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Areola location
Areola location
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Areola color change
Areola color change
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Areola's glands
Areola's glands
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Areola tubercles
Areola tubercles
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Areola function
Areola function
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Intermammary lymphatics
Intermammary lymphatics
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Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia
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Lymphatics
Lymphatics
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Anastomose
Anastomose
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Male breast enlargement
Male breast enlargement
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What is the axilla?
What is the axilla?
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What forms the apex of the axilla?
What forms the apex of the axilla?
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What forms the base of the axilla?
What forms the base of the axilla?
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What is the anterior axillary fold?
What is the anterior axillary fold?
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Where is the axillary tail located?
Where is the axillary tail located?
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Axilla Walls
Axilla Walls
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Anterior Wall
Anterior Wall
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Posterior Wall
Posterior Wall
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Clavipectoral Fascia
Clavipectoral Fascia
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Subclavius Muscle
Subclavius Muscle
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Study Notes
Breast Anatomy
- The female breast, or mamma, is a specialized accessory gland producing milk.
- Its shape is conical, extending from the second to sixth ribs and from the sternum to the midaxillary line.
- Superficial fascia covers most of the breast, except the axillary tail, which pierces deep fascia and enters the axilla.
- Underlying muscles include the pectoralis major (primary muscle), serratus anterior, and external oblique.
- 15-20 lobes, separated by fibrous septa, make up the breast's structure. The septae are more prominent superiorly, near the skin, where they form the suspensory ligaments (Cooper's ligaments).
- Each lobe contains acini (milk-producing units) and lactiferous ducts that carry milk to the nipple, forming lactiferous sinuses (ampullae) along the way.
- The nipple contains 15-20 openings.
- The areola, a pigmented ring surrounding the nipple, contains sebaceous glands responsible for visible tubercles.
- Nipple and areola are free of fat.
Blood Supply
- The breast receives blood from branches of the internal thoracic artery.
- The lateral thoracic artery also contributes.
- Intercostal arteries and the thoracoacromial artery also supply blood to the breast.
Lymph Drainage
- Lateral and central parts of the breast drain into anterior (pectoral) lymph nodes.
- The upper quadrant drains into apical lymph nodes.
- The lower quadrant drains into the lymph plexus of the rectus sheath and the subphrenic plexus.
- The medial quadrant drains into internal thoracic (parasternal) nodes.
- Some medial lymphatics cross the sternum to connect with the opposite breast (intermammary lymphatics).
Axilla Anatomy
- The axilla is a pyramidal space between the upper arm and the chest wall.
- It has an apex (superior), base (inferior), and four walls (anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial).
- The anterior wall is formed by the pectoralis major and minor muscles, and the clavipectoral fascia.
- The posterior wall is formed by the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles.The lateral wall is the bicipital groove of the humerus.
- The medial wall is formed by the ribs, intercostal spaces, and serratus anterior muscle.
- The axilla's contents include the brachial plexus, axillary artery, axillary vein, axillary lymph nodes, axillary fat, axillary tail of the breast, and the axillary sheath.
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