23 Questions
What do lobules initially produce after parturition?
Colostrum
What happens to epithelial cells upon cessation of lactation?
Apoptosis
What happens to lobules after lactation stops?
Regress partially
What changes in lobules are associated with the reduction in breast cancer risk observed in women who give birth at young ages?
Permanent changes produced by pregnancy
What is the structure that extends down from the nipple?
Major ducts
What happens to the interlobular stroma after the 3rd decade, long before menopause?
Converts to adipose tissue
What hormones influence the further branching of ducts and lobule formation during the reproductive years?
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Prolactin
What type of epithelium lines the superficial portions of the major ducts?
Keratinizing squamous epithelium
What is the structure that surrounds the small acini in the terminal duct lobular units?
Specialized intralobular stroma
When do the lobules undergo regression during the menstrual cycle?
Upon menstruation
What is the predominant structure in the breast at the end of a full-term pregnancy?
Lobules
What type of breast tissue abnormality is characterized by the persistence of epidermal thickenings along the milk line from the axilla to the perineum?
Supernumerary nipples (Polythelia)
What is the structure that extends the normal ductal system of the breast into the subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall or the axillary fossa?
Accessory axillary breast tissue
What is the MOST common breast symptom reported by women?
Pain (Mastalgia or Mastodynia)
What type of breast pain is caused by ruptured cysts, physical injury, or infections, with no specific lesion identified?
Noncyclic localized pain
What is the proportion of symptomatic breast lesions that are benign?
90%
What percentage of breast cancers are detected through mammographic screening rather than being symptomatic?
55%
What is the most common cause of nipple discharge?
Infections
Which type of nipple discharge is NOT a feature of malignancy?
Milky discharge
What is the most common cause of bloody and serous nipple discharges?
Large duct papillomas and cysts
What percentage of women aged 60 or older have nipple discharge due to underlying carcinoma?
30%
What is the most common location for palpable breast masses?
Upper outer quadrant
What is the most common characteristic of benign breast masses?
Round or oval in shape, rubbery, mobile, and circumscribed borders
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and development of the breast. Learn about the major ducts, lobules, and changes that occur during puberty.
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