Embryology

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Questions and Answers

Branchial arches:

  • are made up of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
  • all share a common blood supply
  • have derivatives for all 6 arches.
  • each have their own nerve supply. (correct)

Derivatives of the ectoderm include:

  • enamel (correct)
  • Muscles
  • Skin (correct)
  • ton

During embryology the blastocyst:

  • is a solid ball of cells that forms from cleavage of the zygote.
  • is a fluid filled ball of cells that forms after fertilisation of the zygote.
  • is a solid ball of cells that forms from cleavage of the morula.
  • is a fluid filled ball of cells that forms after formation of the morula. (correct)

Neural crest cells give rise to:

<p>ectomesenchyme and connective tissue in the head. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct answer regarding the development of the tongue:

<p>The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the trigeminal nerve. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

This branchial arch does NOT give rise to any structures:

<p>V (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The branchial arches innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) are:

<p>III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The branchial arches innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) are:

<p>I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the face begins in:

<p>Week 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the secondary palate:

<p>creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The face begins to form from which processes:

<p>frontonasal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The muscular derivatives of these branchial arches are the muscles of facial expression:

<p>II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The philtrum forms:

<p>from fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three layers of the embryonic trilaminar disc are:

<p>ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches give rise to the mandible:

<p>I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches give rise to the palatine tonsils:

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cleft palate is a developmental anomalie that results from:

<p>the failure of fusion of the palatine shelves together and the nasal septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Duing childhood development, at age 4, environmental factors such as too much fluoide, can disrupt the amelogenesis process for permanent teeth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ameloblasts form conical projections called Tomes Processes during which of the following stages of amelogenesis:

<p>secretory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiation of ameloblasts from pre-ameloblasts takes place in which of the following stages of tooth development?

<p>Bud stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enamel, gingiva and the skin are direct derivatives of the ectoderm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During amelogenesis which cellular layer of the enamel organ collapses to allow for space for the ameloblasts:

<p>stellate reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During fetal development, amelogenesis for all primary teeth is completed before birth:

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During odontogenesis, the dental sac gives rise to:

<p>the supporting structures of the teeth (B), the roots of the teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cleft palate develops when there is a failure of fusion of which structures?

<p>The palatine shelves together and the nasal septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Odontogenesis starts with the following cellular layers at its initiation stage:

<p>ectomesenchyme and oral epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct answer regarding the development of the tongue:

<p>The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the trigeminal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the single best answer:

<p>The stellate reticulum plays a key role in amelogenesis by providing nutients to the ameloblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the single best answer:

<p>All oral tissues originate from the ectoderm and the ectomesenchyme (neural crest cells) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 2 stages of amelogenesis and dentinogenesis can be described as:

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The origin of the dento-gingival junction is the:

<p>Reduced enamel epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the face begins in:

<p>Week 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of the secondary palate:

<p>creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lifecycle of the ameloblast is

<p>limited to the time the tooth erupts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The long junctional epithelium originates from:

<p>Ectoderm → oral epithelium → outer enamel epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The morphology of the tooth crown starts to be determined at which stage of development:

<p>early bell stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of cleft lip and palate in the UK is approximately 1 in 700 live births:

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lifecycle of the odontoblast:

<p>continues throughout the life of the tooth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches do the facial muscles derive from?

<p>II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches do the muscles of mastication derive from?

<p>I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular layer of the enamel organ shrinks during amelogenesis to allow for space for the ameloblasts?

<p>stellate reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the development of the secondary palate?

<p>It creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two cellular layers are present at the dental lamina stage of tooth development?

<p>oral epithelium and ectomesenchyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branchial arches does the trigeminal nerve derive from?

<p>I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of tooth development is the morphology of the tooth crown determined?

<p>bell stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Branchial arches

Each branchial arch possesses its own nerve supply.

Ectoderm derivatives

Enamel is derived from the ectoderm during development.

Blastocyst

A fluid-filled ball of cells that forms after the morula stage during embryogenesis.

Neural crest cell fate

Neural crest cells give rise to ectomesenchyme and connective tissue in the head.

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Tongue innervation

The tongue is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve and the trigeminal nerve.

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Non-contributing branchial arch

This arch regresses and does not contribute to adult structures.

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Branchial arch III innervation

Branchial arch III is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX).

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Facial Development Begins

Development begins around the fourth week of gestation.

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Secondary palate function

This separates the oral and nasal cavities.

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Facial Processes

The face forms from the frontonasal processes.

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Muscles of facial expression

These arches gives rise to the muscles of facial expression.

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Philtrum formation

Forms from the fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes.

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Trilaminar disc layers

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

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Mandible origin

Branchial arch I gives rise to the mandible.

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Cleft palate cause

The failure of fusion of the palatine shelves together and the nasal septum causes this.

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Ameloblasts

Secrete enamel matrix, forming Tomes' processes.

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Ameloblast differentiation

Takes place in the bud stage.

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Enamel, gingiva and the skin are direct derivatives of the ectoderm

True

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Stellate reticulum

Collapses during amelogenesis.

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Dental sac

Gives rise to the supporting structures of the teeth.

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Odontogenesis start

Odontogenesis starts with the ectomesenchyme and oral epithelium at its initiation stage.

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Stellate reticulum's role

Provides nutrients to the ameloblasts.

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Lifecycle of the ameloblast

The lifecycle of the ameleoblast is limited to the time the tooth erupts

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Lifecycle of the odontoblast

Continues throughout the life of the tooth.

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facial muscles derived from which arch

Branchial arch II

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muscles of mastication derived from which arch

Branchial arch I

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development of the secondary plate: best describes

It creates the barrier between the oral and nasal cavities

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Cellular layers at dental lamina

They are the oral epithelium and ectomesenchyme.

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trigeminal nerve derives from which arch

Arch I

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When is the tooth crown morphology determined

the bell stage

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